Iphone The Year That Changed It All Essay - 2197 Words

2007: The Year that Changed it All 1st Section: In this report, I prove that Apple’s iPhone has dominated all other smartphones in the years leading up to 2016. It is the epitome of what a globally recognized product can accomplish when considering how quickly it globalized and the image it provides for those who buy an iPhone. Owning one of these phones is not only a statement, it holds power and value that other smartphones simply cannot top. The company owns the stage when compared to other smartphones, and it’s journey to become the world’s second-largest mobile phone manufacturer is truly incredible. In fact, not only does it lead in technology and phone production, it’s become the largest publicly traded TNC in the world. Everything from its assets to its brand loyalty prove why it has expanded across the globe, and will continue to for many years to come. Apple Inc. has globally expanded by outsourcing nearly every level of its production and became one of the most successful and revolutionary TN C’s in the world, mainly due to the release of the infamous iPhone in 2007. In the same year, Apple was renamed to Apple Inc.; previously it was Apple Computer, Inc. The new name was an image move, showcasing the company’s shift towards consumer, life-changing products. Upon researching this transnational corporation, what I found most interesting was their simple approach to advertising. It reflects the lifestyle that iPhone owners accomplish by utilizing this product toShow MoreRelatedThe Iphone s Impact On The 21st Century1280 Words   |  6 PagesImagine a world without iPhones, what would it be like? Over the past seven years, the iPhone has gone through many transformations becoming one of the most popular cell phones in the United States and the world. The iPhone has changed the smart phone market. 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Chattanooga Ice Cream Free Essays

New Direction for Chattanooga Ice Cream Clint A. Stockton Jack Welch Management Institute Dr. Denis Tocci JWMI 510 11/16/2013 Chattanooga Ice Cream Case The Chattanooga Ice Cream case shows a decline in sales for 5 consecutive years. We will write a custom essay sample on Chattanooga Ice Cream or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Division is headed by Charles Moore. Although Charles Moore was successful in leading teams he seemed to have major issues with this team of vice presidents. According to the Harvard Business Review Chattanooga Ice Cream Case the team was very dysfunctional; they exhibited a lack of trust, high in conflict, disrespectful of each ther and exhibited avoidance issues with accountability. Team members seemed to always lay blame to other member. Moore needs to be more assertive in dismissing the ways of the past and the loss of Stay Shop business needs to be put aside. Moore needs to give clear direction and assign responsibilities to each team member. Moore needs to convey that team cohesiveness is a must and this will go a long way to help ensure no further loss of business. This paper will examine how Moore’s leadership approach contributed to the teams’ dysfunction, discuss what the roup of employees themselves could do to better understand the perspectives of each other and their boss as well as make recommendations about Moore should do now to help his team work together and manage conflicts more effectively. Charlie’s Leadership Style In assessing where Charlie Moore goes wrong, it’s important to look at his leadership style. According to the DISC style, Charlie is a â€Å"Steady (S) Leader. Specifically, this means Charlie operates at a methodical pace and likes leading in an orderly environment. He may readily view leading in a â€Å"fast-paced† environment as intimidating or stressful. His leadership style is collaborative in nature and he values group efforts. Charlie is a cautious leader that seldom leads by authority as he is comfortable working behind the consensus of the group as he doesn’t like mak ing decisions alone. He is demotivated by competitive environments and changing direction abruptly. He enjoys leading in a harmonic environment with little or no confrontations or conflict. Leaders prepare the organizations for change; Charlie does not build trust nor align his people. Lack of Leadership As a leader Charlie needs to â€Å"prepare organizations for change and help them ope as they struggle through it† (Week 2, Lecture 2). The first evidence of Charlie’s failure as a leader is when he calls the group together to communicate the news about losing their major customer. The mood is somber as Charlie calls the group together to â€Å"mourn† (Sloane, The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division, HBR, p. l) and to fgure out what needs to be done about it. As a leader he must exude a sense of â€Å"positive energy’ Cack Welch, Winning, p. 84) to prepare his people to act and energize their best thinking to deal with this challenge. His style of (S) may not like change, but e needs to set a tone of optimism and decisiveness that says that they will come through this challenge successfully. First of all, Moore should master self-leadership for himself. Then encourage and model it for others on the team. Manz indicates that â€Å"Leaders facilitate employee self-set goals and reward effective self-leadership when it does occur. Overall, they create and nurture systems that allow teamwork and a holistic self-leadership culture to flourish† (Charles Manz, 2001 , Leading Others to Lead Themselves, p. 221). I believe that Charlie and Charlie’s team would benefit from earning about their own leadership style by taking the Disc and TKI assessments and possibly creating smaller strategically paired teams within the group to come up with a foundation and vision for the direction in which the company should go as a whole. Lack of Candor Another example of where Charlie goes wrong is that he doesn’t develop an environment of trust where his people don’t hold back – even though he may not like conflict. As an example of this, Charlie has several meetings to ask his team what their thoughts are about how to compete. â€Å"When you are an individual contributor, ou try to have all the answers. That’s your Job-to be an expert, the best at what you do, maybe even the smartest person in the room. When you are a leader, your Job is to have all the questions†¦ Questioning, however, is never enough, following Rule 6: Leaders probe with curiosity that borders on skepticism, making sure your questions unleash debate and raise issues that get action† (Welch, 2005, p. 74). Moore should first create an intentional communication strategy. His management team must understand and support a common vision with a common purpose. This requires clarity. Clarity begins with effective communication. He should make sure communication from his management team reaches all employees. The article by Ferrazzi (Harvard Business Review) indicates three specific techniques, developed from the author’s research, which can help coworkers collaborate and interact more effectively. The techniques, which are based on creating trust that allows team members to speak candidly, are â€Å"dividing meetings into smaller groups, naming a candor advocate, and teaching how to give and receive feedback with a positive attitude† (Ferrazzi, 2012, Candor, Criticism, and Teamwork, p. 0). Team Dysfunctions The Chattanooga Ice Cream team is dysfunctional for several reasons. Some of those reasons include an absence of trust, avoidance, and not being accountable. Also, there is a lack of commitment amongst some managers. Moore is also looking for buy-in from all members for group decisions. There was no clear cut rule as to how decisions were going to be made. Simply put, Charles Moore failed to incorporate clear operating rules. Week Four 4 Lecture – Building High Performance Teams suggests that â€Å"when managers agree on ground rules in advance, the team is uch more likely to run efficiently,† this is especially true with the Chattanooga Ice Cream team. According to Rick Johnson, Charlie could â€Å"Challenge is management team; ask for solutions, assigning both responsibility and empowerment accordingly to utilize individual skills. Ownership of ideas and initiatives builds commitment. Involving the team in creating direction and solutions through empowerment generates commitment to the tasks necessary to meet objectives. A way to get over the major loss of a client and overshadow the â€Å"mourning† effect would be to hallenge the management team to collectively bring in a new client or a few clients that could equal the departure of the one loss, in terms of volume. Also, Moore should create offsite team-building activities on a quarterly basis. The gatherings/ outings should be used to build unification and trust in each other. New Direction for Charles seems to want to be Just another member of the team, an individual contributor, wanting to give his part instead of asking the explicit result-driven questions required of him in his leadership role. Welch, goes on to say, â€Å"But that’s he Job. You want bigger solutions ask questions; healthy debate, decisions, and actions will get everyone there† (p. 76). There is nowhere to go, if there is no one to lead. The dysfunctions of the team lie with the dysfunctions of the leader and no directions. Regardless of making the wrong or right decision, in regards to the CICC case, if no action is taken, then the company will fail for sure. As a Business Development Executive, I would tend to push the team to research and target other clients to fill the void left by the client lost, eliminating the somberness, creating otivation to accomplish a new goal, and strengthen the team by focusing efforts into one vision. He should run his team through assessments that could help him strategically pair individual weaknesses and strengths together, not only to complement each other going forward but to build credibility as a leader and start to build a foundation for candor, voice, and dignity going forward. Gaining new clients would most likely cost additional funds in the research and marketing and may cause little investment growth up front; however stabilizing the vision with a decision is aking the correct effort to save this company under the current circumstances. How to cite Chattanooga Ice Cream, Papers

Movie Messsages Night Mail and Drifters Essay Example For Students

Movie Messsages Night Mail and Drifters Essay What message does John Grierson want to transmit in his films Night Mail and Drifters? John Grierson (1898-1972) was a British intellectual who believed in the political role of the artist and emphasized social purpose through the creation of documentary films. Grierson is considered to be the father of documentary film. I am going to discuss two of his films: Night Mail (1930) and Drifters (1929). Night Mail is one of a number of films associated with his work, who led a group including Basil Wright, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Arthur Elton. Night Mail was the first of its kind in terms of Short Film with documentary styling. The film promoted a government agency, the GPO that was a monopoly that covered mail and telegraphs as well as other new electronic systems linked to defense and national security. The GPO film unit made documentaries to promote British industry to the British public. The film was under the direction of Basil Wright and Harry Watt working with John Grierson as a producer. The film documents the struggle and processes gone through by the Royal Mail Train Delivery service that travels from London to Scotland in the 1930s. Night Mail is a propagandistic film that looks at various things such as the way the post was sorted, dropped and collected from various places by catching the bags at high speeds in retracting net and the teamwork spirit of the post office employees. The journey that the train does provides the narrative structure of the film and the places that the train passes through are used to construct a particular representation of Britain. However, in what the film seems more interested about is in persuading and promoting the ideas of the government. The film is trying to show us how reliable the mail delivery is as it can deliver the mail on time, how powerful and useful the service is and how caring the government employees who do their task are. Night Mail is a didactic, inspirational and propagandistic documentary with the intention of revealing and informing about how efficient the government employees are. It uses propaganda techniques in a more indirect way than the audience might have expected. The train works in both a political and social function. The film focuses on the skill of workers and the importance of their role for maintaining Britains success as a world power. Through the shots of the trains carrying the post overnight and their arrival in different cities as well as the hard work of the workers doing their best to process the mail on time, Grierson invites the audience into the realistic representation of the postal service working class and their dedication towards the British nation. A completely proud positive statement is made in this film about working life in Industrial Britain and its achieved through the union of poetry and realism. Night Mail starts with a voiceover commentary describing how the mail is collected. Then, as the train continues with its journey, we can see the different railway stations at which it stops to collect and drop the mail. Grierson explains every meaning of the postal service to the audience showing various scenes like the bags of mail exiting and entering the train. The characters of the film had a scripted dialog and they communicated with each other which add to its nature of being a film that pushes for a social issue to influence its viewers. In this film Grierson wants to present the working class as heroes, he doesnt show much about the characters personality and hides their personal lives (how much they earn, how they eat or how they live) and this just makes the audience realize that whats important in this film is not the workers lives but the dedication they have towards Great Britain, and thats what Grierson wants the vital message for the film to be. This short documentary wants to impress its viewers and influence them into thinking of the industry as strong and well positioned to be a world power. It doesnt happen by accident, films are designed to have effects on viewers ? (Bordwell and Thompson, 2008). The audience never gets to see the commentator but he is present through the whole film. The narrative is unique and the voiceover tries to tell to the audience exactly what journey the train does and how the workers do a great job collecting and sorting out the mail, the images on the screen therefore just emphasize the narrative. Actors Chinedu Ikedieze and Osita Iheme EssayThe editing of this film consists of various individually filmed shots that when they are put together produce a coherent story creating a montage or a sequence. What I find that is special about this documentary it is not just the realism of the events happening in the images, but the way the footage is put together and how it creates something fascinating. Grierson puts together effective montages that cut between the pulse of the boats machinery, the hard work of the fishermen doing their job and the bad weather that doesnt help with the fishing. The film doesnt have any tension or drama but it has a beauty in its imagery that makes it hard to look away from. Because of the constant focus on machines and Industrial Britain, Grierson clearly sides with modernity. However, the shots keep jumping back and forth between the fisherman that are struggling with the weight of the nets, the instruments going all over the place and with uncompromising weather shows that his feelings about modernity are ambivalent and all combined it shows the audience the fantastic relation between man and nature. I find that the film is a bit slow and I think that theres a frequent repetition of various shots that theres no point in having, for example the shot where you can only see the fishermans legs and boots going down the stairs in the boat, I find that the shot shouldnt be repeated so often. Grierson doesnt show much about any of the crew members and I think he could of made the film more interesting by showing a bit more of them, especially of the captain of the boat who lies awake at night and the cabin boy who is learning how to cook for all the fishermen. These two characters seem to have natural and strong personalities that Grierson should have taken advantage of and would have made the film more interesting to the audience because the result of the film is not entirely satisfying. However, apart from the film being a bit to slow, I think that the film is shot and edited in a very artistic way and I especially like the close up shots of the fishes and the seagulls following the boat. I think that the film offers the viewer a different kind of visual pleasure that shows the directors commitment to experimentation with form. The narrative of the documentary allows the audience to get close to the fisherman in order to observe their unseen activities. In this film Grierson shows the fascination that he has for the natural world: for the fisherman and for the seagulls, for the weather changes and for their strange moods and untold stories. I think one of the best scenes of this documentary and the one that makes the film stand out is the fishing scene where the small boat and the sailors have a showdown with the dangerous North Atlantic ocean. In conclusion, I think that Grierson makes it very clear to the audience what the message he wants to transmit in his films. What Grierson seems more interested about his films is in persuading and promoting an idea of the government and showing the audience the dedication of the working class towards the British nation. He presents the working class as heroes and he purposely hides the characters personality and their personal lives making the audience realize that whats important in his film is the dedication that the workers have towards Great Britain. A completely proud and positive statement is shown in both of the films about the working life in Industrial Britain and how useful and caring the government employees who do their task are. Griersons films have a constant focus on machine parts and industrial Britain and this shows us how he clearly sides with modernity. Both films have an artistic style and they both use a lot of close up shots and point of view shots. I think overall that the visual imagery in both films is fascinating and shows how Grierson was a master of his trade. Bibliography: Bordwell, D and Thompson, K (2008) Film Art: An Introduction, Eighth Edition: University of Wisonsin. Nichols, Introduction to Documentary. http://www.griersontrust.org/john-grierson.html http://books.google.es/books?id=YmdwyztGND0Cpg=PA39dq=grierson+night+mailhl=essa=Xei=cVMAVKKIHLKB7QbMr4GoCQved=0CG8Q6AEwCQ#v=onepageq=grierson night mailf=false http://books.google.es/books?id=Rt0Wwjs4zyYCpg=PA80lpg=PA80dq=drifters+flahertysource=blots=E3Up137nXjsig=wc517yCLoH8IjY2-Sji2k0IcEBkhl=essa=Xei=31sAVIHWKsblaKn_grAIved=0CEQQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepageq=drifters flahertyf=false

Mockery Of Transcendentalism In The Fall Of The House Of Usher Essays

Mockery Of Transcendentalism In The Fall Of The House Of Usher Edgar Allan Poe's Mockery of Transcendentalism in ?The Fall of the House of Usher? Throughout the development of our culture there have been a large number of literary movements. From existentialism to naturalism, humanism to surrealism, they all play an important role in the development of the literature we read today. One important movement during the nineteenth century is known as the transcendentalist movement. Transcendentalism is a form of idealism. In philosophy and literature, it is the belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience or in a higher kind of knowledge than that achieved by human reason. Nearly all transcendentalist doctrines stem from the division of reality into a realm of spirit and a realm of matter. This movement influenced many great writers such as Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Edgar Allan Poe. While Thoreau and Emerson upheld the beliefs of transcendentalism in nearly all of their works, Poe criticizes those beliefs. This is strongly displayed in his short story ?The Fall of the House of Usher.? Poe mocks transcendentalism in many different ways throughout ?The Fall of the House of Usher.? Rather than the traditional upward spiral, which is very characteristic of transcendentalism, Poe has a continual downward spiral throughout this work. The mockery begins with the description of the house in the opening of the story, and is reflected in nearly every aspect surrounding the house and its occupants. Transcendentalists compose work containing bright colors and heavenly tones. They are optimistic and believe in living in the ?here and now'. Poe ridicules this flowery aspect in the first sentence of the story. It opens in autumn ?during the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day?when the clouds hung oppressively low? in the sky (Poe 95). The gloomy setting is visible throughout the entire story. In the beginning the atmosphere and house are used to set the dreary tone. During the close of the work, a terrible storm surrounds the house. The narrator states that all terrestrial objects immediately around us, were glowing in the unnatural light of a faintly luminous and distinctly visible gaseous exhalation? (108). Within the ending paragraph the ?full and blood-red moon? is used to end the story with its perpetual gloom. Not only is the atmosphere dreary, the actual house is full of despondent features. As the narrator approaches the house he feels ?a sense of insufferable gloom pervading [his] spirit?(95). The term melancholy is used as an adjective to describe the house. The house is covered in fungi and the masonry is decaying. The windows are described as ?vacant? and ?eye-like?. There is a barely visible fissure in the house that runs from top to bottom indicating that it is fated to fall. The house is sometimes referred to as being haunted. As the narrator lies in his bed one evening a feeling of nervousness overcomes his body. He believes that the environment of his room has a strong contribution to his uneasiness. The story states that the bewildering influence of the gloomy furniture of the room-of the dark and tattered draperies leads to the narrator's sleepless night (107). All of these features are contradictory to what transcendentalists would believe. The setting and house are described with a strong negative aspect that is not customary to transcendentalist works. Not only do the setting and the house exhibit mockery of transcendentalism, but the characters do as well. Each character has his/her own unique contribution to Poe's ridicule of transcendentalism. Roderick Usher, the owner of the House of Usher, plays an important role throughout this work. Through his appearance and actions he is vital to the argument that Poe mocks transcendentalism. Roderick is described as having ?lips somewhat thin and very pallid? (99). He is said to have a ghastly pallor of the skin. He suffers from ?morbid acuteness of the senses? (100). He suffers from a mental illness that will eventually lead to his death. He can only eat a small variety of foods, only wear certain textures of clothing, and flowers are seen as oppressive to him. The faintest of lights and nearly all sounds bother Roderick. This lack of light is

The Third Punic War and Carthago Delenda Est

The Third Punic War and Carthago Delenda Est By the end of the Second Punic War (the war where Hannibal and his elephants crossed the Alps), Roma (Rome) so hated Carthage that she wanted to destroy the north African urban center. The story is told that when the Romans finally got to take revenge, after they won the Third Punic War, they salted the fields so the Carthaginians could no longer live there. This is an example of urbicide.   Carthago Delenda Est! By 201 B.C., the end of the Second Punic War, Carthage no longer had its empire, but it was still a shrewd trading nation. By the middle of the second century, Carthage was thriving and it was hurting the trade of those Romans who had investments in North Africa. Marcus Cato, a respected Roman senator, began to clamor Carthago delenda est! Carthage must be destroyed! Carthage Breaks the Peace Treaty Meanwhile, African tribes neighboring Carthage knew that according to the peace treaty between Carthage and Rome that had concluded the Second Punic War, if Carthage overstepped the line drawn in the sand, Rome would interpret the move as an act of aggression. This offered daring African neighbors some impunity. These neighbors took advantage of this reason to feel secure and made hasty raids into the Carthaginian territory, knowing their victims couldnt pursue them. Eventually, Carthage became fed up. In 149 B.C., Carthage got back into armor and went after the Numidians. Rome declared war on the grounds that Carthage had broken the treaty. Although Carthage didnt stand a chance, the war was drawn out for three years. Eventually, a descendant of Scipio Africanus, Scipio Aemilianus, defeated the starved citizens of the besieged city of Carthage. After killing or selling all the inhabitants into slavery, the Romans razed (possibly salting the land) and burned the city. No one was allowed to live there. Carthage had been destroyed: Catos chant had been carried out. Primary Sources on the Third Punic War Polybius 2.1, 13, 36; 3.6-15, 17, 20-35, 39-56; 4.37. Livy 21. 1-21.Dio Cassius 12.48, 13.Diodorus Siculus 24.1-16.

Amara Holdings Limited

The company owns hotels and the different others residential as well as the commercial properties throughout different parts of the Southeast Asia. One of its hotels in Saigon was sold in the year 2008 (Amaraholdings.com, 2016). The current trends throughout the market segments revealed that the demands of the properties are increasing in large numbers and the firm has the interest in two of the office buildings, five specialty restaurants, a shopping complex, three apartments and different residential properties.Moreover, the firm is looking forward to its expansion throughout different geographical areas with the help of developing and capturing new properties. The firm was incorporated in the year 1970 and traced its roots in the 1930s. Some of the top competitors of the firm are Keppel Corporation limited, Hotel properties limited and Wheelock properties limited.   Sales have been considered to be one of the most crucial factors which help in the establishment of any of the firm concerned.  Ã‚   There need to be effective strategies from the firm in order to entry into the new market segments for establishing its business processes (Ryz?ko, 2011). The pricing from the competitors and the selection of the geographical location for the development of the properties plays a major role in increasing the profitability in this particular industry. Therefore, Amara Holdings Limited  is planning to capture different locations in order to enhance the growth and the expansion of the business processes of the firm. Amaraholdings.com. (2016).  Amara Holdings. [online] Available at: https://www.amaraholdings.com/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2016]. Ryzko, D. (2011).  Emerging intelligent technologies in the industry. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.

Is Preventing Further Global Warming a Social Responsibility Essay

Is Preventing Further Global Warming a Social Responsibility - Essay Example Scientists have estimated that by the beginning of the next century, temperatures of the earth would have increased by approximately 2.1 degrees Celsius. An increase of only one degree is highly detrimental to animal and plant existence. Therefore, if the dangers of global warming do not undergo immediate intervention, then plant and animal lives might face partial or absolute extinction in the near future (Leroux 15). Causes of global warming For vey many years the concept of causal in global warming evaded human understanding. Until the formation of the Intergovernmental Panel by the UN, little was understood. The panel later found out that the presence of heat trapping gases in the air was majorly responsible for causing global warming. In this regard, they classified the heat trapping gases that cause what they referred to as the greenhouse gas effect. These gases range from simple CO2, methane, Nitrous Oxide to water vapor. Further research revealed that the amount of these gase s in the atmosphere was directly proportional to the increase in atmospheric temperatures. Major sources of these greenhouse gases are human activity-based. The beginning of industrialization in the nineteenth century brought about changes in fuel consumption. Due to demand from industries in fuel, exploration and extraction of fossil fuel has dramatically increased. Despite refining, fossil fuel provides a large amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere. Smoke from industries and fuel burning by locomotives are powerful source of carbon dioxide in the environment (Pumphrey 23). Other gases are highly harmful to the ozone layer that protects the earth from harmful emissions of light rays from the sun. Continual depletion of this protective blanket leads to exposure to these harmful radiations which in turn lead to increase of global temperatures. This has been identified as a hazardous effect caused by such gases as methane and other chlorofluorocarbons. Emissions of nitrous oxide inc rease the risk to global warming, 300 times more than carbon dioxide does. This shows the potential risk of continual increase of such industrial gases in the atmosphere. Debate in global warming Since its discovery, global warming has remained a debated issue in all its dimensions. Starting from its causes to how to curb it, there have been unclarities concerning the responsibilities involved. From the beginning of discovery of the concept, the responsibility was only pushed to governments. According to Leroux (98) statistics obtained in 2009 from different regions of the world indicated that awareness of the concept was still low. The question of responsibility has thus continually raised endless debates. With a general understanding that causing of global warming is largely done by industries, blame has only been shifted to industries. Responsibility has evaded direction. The general societies have thus remained unclear whether they should be involved or not. This is one major de bate that has rocked the human mind. Responsibility With increased rates of this disaster, there was need for a collaborative approach towards combating the dangers of the situation. Given that its effects will largely affect the causers and victims of increasing greenhouse gases in the

A comparative Review of Drinking age laws and behaviors in Canada and Research Paper - 1

A comparative Review of Drinking age laws and behaviors in Canada and the U.S - Research Paper Example That is why the governments of the USA and Canada have implemented certain regulations in order to avoid negative consequences of alcohol abuse: age restrictions for alcohol consumption, strict penalties for drunk driving, and liability for serving alcohol to the intoxicated people. This essay looks at different approaches of governments and nations to the act of drinking from historical, social, and economic perspectives. Drinking alcohol is not only individual`s act but also a tradition, and a behavioral pattern of society. Since people socialize within different social layers, the meaning of drinking can be different from one group to another (Houghton & Roche, 2001). Alcohol consumption may greatly depend on traditions, ideologies, and customs (Houghton & Roche, 2001). Alcohol drinking is a common social experience in most human cultures and societies; nevertheless, the motives and functions for every separate individual are different. The ways in which individuals consume alcohol vary as much as cultural traditions of drinking. Alcohol has played important role in the life of the American society from the very first days of the republic. In Europe of the 16th century, drinking alcohol beverages was a daily routine due to high risk of water contamination. The first colonists brought alcohol on ships because it was easier to preserve it unspoiled. The beverages varied from rum received from West Indian sugar and homemade beer to wine brought from Europe (Tracy, 2005). However, drinking attracted public attention in the end of the 18th century due to numerous reasons. Firstly, alcohol consumption was connected to the salon culture, involving such additional negative social issues as gambling, fighting, and prostitution. Moreover, huge manufactures and factories wanted their workers to remain sober in the working

\Yale University Investment Essay Example for Free

\Yale University Investment Essay Summary: The Case is about the decision of the Yale Investments Office whether to continue to allocate the bulk of the universitys endowment to illiquid investmentshedge funds, private equity, real estate, and so forth. Important is to consider the risks and benefits of a different asset allocation strategy. Before the choice between different subclasses, e.g., between venture capital and leveraged buyout funds would be analyzed it is advantageous to get first background information. Effective management of a university endowment requires balancing fundamentally competing objectives. On the one hand, the University requires immediate proceeds to support the current generation of scholars. On the other hand, investment managers must consider the needs of generations to come. In order to understand the behavior of the Yale University would be a view thrown in the past helpful. In the 20th Century the growth of the Yale endowment was accelerated rapidly due to enormous bequests and big investments in equity. In 1930 equities represented 42% of the Yale endowment this was in comparison to other universities (11%) very high. Because of the Great Depression severe erosion of its endowment was avoided in 1930, but in the end of this decade reduced a treasurer of Yale the share of equities. The reason was that higher taxes expropriate profits. He assumed that bonds better perform than stocks. For the next two decades, treasurer selected individual bonds high yield or income orientated stocks for the portfolio. In the 1950s and 1960s this strategy was less useful for the bull market so they had to change their policy. First Yale decided to increase substantially the university ´s exposure to equity investments and second Yale decided to contract out much of the Portfolio Management function to an external adviser. The plan was the external company Endowment Management Research Corporation (EMR) would function as a quasi-independent external firm would be free to recruit additional clients. At the same time Yale would be its largest client and would have priority over other clients. But the expectations were not realized. So in 1979 due to the plummet of the inflation-adjusted Endowment value by 46%, terminated Yale its relationship with EMR. They followed working with a variety of external advises in its envolving asset management framework. Now, David Swensen was in 1985  hired to the Head of Yales ´s Investment Office and the whole Investment Committee consists of a well-diversified team. Besides Yale could develop its investment philosophy from 5 principles. These are the principles: 1). Strong believe in equities. Equities are a claim on areal stream of income while the bonds have low expected returns but poor performance with uncertain inflation. The long-run returns of equity is tremendous than the long-run return of bond. This principle is reasonable for the equity can bring risk premium return for the portfolio.2.) Diversify Portfolio. Risk could be more effectively reduced by diversify the portfolio to different kinds of asset classes rather than pile on the single asset class. With the diversified strategy, the portfolio can prevent extremely loss when the market is down unexpected.3.) Seek opportunities in less efficient markets. There are far greater incremental returns in nonpublic markets with incomplete information and illiquidity through selecting superior managers. Therefore, The Investment Office devote large portion of fund in illiquid investments. This principle sounds good but the Investment Office should pay attention to potential large risk.4.) Utilize outside managers for all but the most routine or indexed of investments. For the outside managers can be given considerable autonomy to implement their strategies with relatively little interference from Yale. However, it’s not an easy task in finding excellent managers in foreign equity market, especially in emerging market. Also, we will face the problem of interest conflict between Yale and the external managers.5.) Focus critically on the explicit and implicit incentives facing outside managers. Because rarely asset management business had good incentive alignments built into typical client-manager relationships. It is necessary for Investment Office to construct good innovative relationships and fee structures with various external managers to consist the manager interests with Yale’s. Yale ´s Investment Committee annually reviewed its endowment portfolio. For the choice between different asset classes we will consider the actual allocations in 2006. *2006 (current Target allocation)*Considered only the last 2-3 years The consideration of the expected returns and risks from its current allocation and compared them with those of past Yale allocations and the current mean allocation of other universities reflected the need of university to diversify its holdings.In August 2006, Swensen and Takahashi believed that they probably wanted to continue with investments in less efficient markets. But Private investments were important in contributing to Yale ´s highest returns. How should Yale allocate its new commitment? Compelling category to invest in Venture Capital/ Real estate/ Real assets, choices today? Mix between new groups and established organizations? Should Yale expand its international program to include a greater emphasis on Asia and other emerging markets? Overview: Advantage DiadvantagePrivate Equity(Venture Capital/ Real estate/) -consists with investment philosophy-long-term relationship with limited number of organizations-Excess Returns (15,4%) by portfolio ´s active Manager-greater exposure than other schools-scale on which PE operated-VC midmarket BO-relationship with key manager – competitive advantage -Yale has understanding of the private equity process -boom and bust cycle (high risk)-defections of key personnel-manager risk-avoid VC: obtaining access to the best firms nearly impossible-Yale should invest with a top-tier firm International PE Funds -good, because of the increasingly competitive in the U.S market-they have general partners on site (e.g China) -more planning-subsidiaries or affiliates of large financial institutions-difficult to evaluate foreign private equity organizations and selecting manager Real Assets (Real Estate/oil and gas) -interesting set of investment opportunities-avoid mortgages and other debt -only attractive if they could find the right manager with the right strategies and the right incentive structures-transaction fees or fees based upon assets-less attractive oil-and-gas, because it is difficult to find well-designed oil-and-gas partnerships Foreign equity/ Emerging markets -Undervalued  securities-provide portfolio diversification-grow rapidly, provide opportunities for active managers to earn superior returns- 7 active emerging market manager in the PF-(well diversified) -Slow development of institutional investing-Leading foreign manager appeared to work for large institutions -returns low correlation with those of the US-link between growth and profitability is weak Bonds / Foreign fixed-income securities -low risk -Skepsis, if returns are enough for compensation of default risk and callability of corporate issues-low expected returns perform poorly Approach (regard to the table above):Yale should stay committed to private equity (e.g high returns, Yale ´s hedging strategies reduces risk in private equity, enough important benefits to being in the private market). Besides it consists with the investment philosophy (principles). They should diversify portfolio with international private equity funds, it allows to break into new markets and get new opportunities, key managers are on site. Yale shouldn ´t invest in real estate (Real estate industry is dominated by firms that were compensated through transaction fees or fees based upon assets under management. These firms have every incentive to keep their investors ´ capital toed up over long periods of time. Besides less attractive is also oil-and-gas industry not enough knowledge and key manager). They have 7 key manager in the Portfolio for emerging markers, so it is a great opportunity to expand in emerging markets and find undervalued securities. The link between growth and profitability, which is weak can change with good manager decisions. They could diversify the risk with the high Private Equity returns.

Its Time to Put an End to Junk Mail :: Postal Service Letters Essays

It's Time to Put an End to Junk Mail It is another Wednesday morning, and I am again sitting at the front desk of my dormitory at 9 am. The US Postal Service just delivered today's mail, and the other Wednesday-morning deskworker and I are preparing to search for names, check mailbox numbers, sort the mail, and place it into mailboxes. I hate working the mail shift, but I do it because I get paid nine dollars an hour for relatively brainless work. Even though I lose a few hours of sleep, I get some good laughs and entertainment in return, especially on a day like today when an array of catalogs stocks two entire mail bins. After three years at this job, I continue to be amazed at both the number of catalogs certain people receive and the type of items that can be acquired through a catalog. Take, for example, Resident Jane Doe, who gets J. Crew, L.L. Bean, Ann Taylor, Victoria's Secret, Pottery Barn, Bed & Bath and Beyond, and Staples catalogs, each of which arrive on average once per month. Residents like Jane Doe are notorious amongst deskworkers for the volume of mail they receive, and their room numbers are firmly imprinted on our brains because we have looked them up so many times. I can always tell when residents like Jane Doe have been away for a long weekend, because their mailboxes become so packed that they cannot hold even one additional piece of mail. Of course, 80% of the mail in her mailbox consists of catalogs and other junk mail. The companies themselves contribute greatly to the number of catalogs these residents receive. Jane Doe probably purchased one item from J. Crew through mail order or at a J. Crew store, and as a result, she will always receive catalogs from J. Crew at this address, even after she has moved away from this dorm. Furthermore, the fact that she receives other clothing catalogs may also be attributed to this one purchase. Since it's already almost two months into the semester, I do not mind this never-ending stream of catalogs as much because I can generally identify the residents who do not reside in my dorm building anymore and can quickly sort through their mail.

Pakistan and Policy Essay

National integration is unity in diversity. It means a feeling of oneness. It implies social, political, economic, linguistic and cultural unity. It is the development of a mental climate that would help reacts in terms of oneness, irrespective of the region, language or religion of the people concerned. It means a heaven of freedom where the world has not been divided into fragments by narrow domestic wells. It is based on feeling of oneness, common ideals of life and a common code of behavior. It implies confidence in nation’s future, deep sense of values and obligation of citizenship, mutual understanding and respect for the culture of different sections of the nation. Need for National Integration National integration is the feeling that binds the citizens of a country. Its aim is to put individual’s best efforts for the optimum growth, prosperity and welfare of the country as a whole. It does away with inter-state, inter-linguistic, inter-religious and inter-cultural differences. It promotes a spirit of tolerance and respect for the view-point of other cultural groups. To Kanungo, â€Å"Every country at every time needs national integration but India needs it the most.† India’s passing through a critical period these days. The integrity of India is in danger. Therefore Indians will have to act carefully. In India national integration is needed due to following reasons: Threat of Foreign Aggression National integration is vital for India’s survival especially at a time when the country is under the threat of foreign aggression and internally the people are divided on the basis of castes, religions, regions, communities, languages and Races For the Development of National Character National integration is an essential element for the development of national character. These days there is lack of national character. Corruption is increasing day-by-day. We are sacrificing national interests for the sake of money. National character can be formed only when we have the feeling of national integration. For Success of Democracy India is a democratic country. National integration is an essential pre-requisite for the success of our democracy. It is a basic need for the success of democracy; otherwise, the fissiparous tendencies in the country may lead to serious consequences. For Diversity National unity is essential for any country at any time. There is unity in diversity in India but now unity is in danger. Therefore, national unity is essential in order to maintain the eternal value of unity in diversity. For Peace National integration is essential for keeping peace at national and international level. Modern age is the age of science. It has changed the whole world in a family. Every nation is dependent on one another. Therefore, scientific achievement should be used for constructive work in order to provide peace to humanity. This feeling can develop only when we have the thought of national integration.

Plans of Reconstruction

Daniel Ramirez Mrs. Toth Period 2 11/29/12 Plans of Reconstruction During the Civil War was the beginning of the Reconstruction era that took place up until the late 1870’s, which for some was a success but a failure to others. Not only was it a civil rights movement but it also re-created the southern way of life, temporarily divided a political party, broke down another, and affected the nation in ways that would have long-term consequences.Two of the three major Reconstruction plans were that of President Lincoln and Vice President Johnson that both sought to readmit the south as quickly as possible. Lincoln maintained that the political leadership of the South had seceded. His plan did not exclude people like Johnson’s did. President Lincolns plan of reconstruction was light on punishment of the South so that he could reincorporate the Southern section back into the Union.He argued that because of the fact that the government was indivisible secession was politicall y impossible, and that the war was a result of only a small rebellion that violated the authority and laws of the government. With this in mind his design of reconstruction; readmission of each state was based on 10 percent of the voters pledging loyalty to the US knowing that no more than that would be probable which rendered the radical republicans 50 percent demand illogical.Though Lincoln and Johnson’s plan did have similar ideas there were few differences some of which were even seen as illogical, amongst them was the right to grant pardons to the same people that he claimed he wanted to exclude power from. This did not help the reconstruction plan it in fact it irritated Northerners who saw senators of former offices in the Confederacy reclaiming their places in U. S. senates. Under Andrew Johnson's restoration African America’s rights were not safe, as he vetoed the Civil Rights bill.This did not pass since Congress overturned his veto and made the Civil Rights bill an act. Lincoln’s â€Å"10 percent† plan, while perhaps not the greatest for bringing the nation together, was the best for the promoting the principles of freedom and equal rights for all in the newly reformed union. His plan unlike Johnson’s protected the new rights of the African Americans, and provided a balance between the rights of whites and them.Lincoln’s plan also made it easier for states to rejoin the Union, because this was such a very forgiving plan, it was better than Johnsons’. Under Lincoln's Plan, it would be easiest for Confederate states to rejoin the Union, except for the three that were excluded, because the Radical controlled Congress would not permit these states’ representatives to join the federal government. If the nation had agreed to Lincoln's Plan, racism may have been more easily overcome, and the Union would be reunited in a strong bond because of the reprieve granted.

Essay about Verizon Scandal

Essay about Verizon Scandal Essay about Verizon Scandal Obama’s Verizon Scandal Website APA Citation: Stanley, T. (2013, 6 June). Verizon Scandal: Barack Obama’s National Security State is Now Beyond Democratic Control. Retrieved from http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/timstanley/100220564/verizon-scandal-barack-obamas-national-security-state-is-now-beyond-democratic-control/ 1. The intended audience for this website is for all citizens of the United States, especially those who have Verizon. 2. The author is credible because he uses past examples of what the government has done and how it relates to the Verizon situation now. 3. This article is based on facts because he gives viable information about the controversy of the situation as well as what Obama is doing exactly, which leads to the article also being based on research due to the fact that he had to get the information somewhere. He also uses some of his opinions to emphasize the situation being upsetting. 4. The strength of this article is the source he uses to create a back flash for the Americans to remember what the government has done to keep the country safe, but the weakness of it was his sarcasm he intended to show that in some situations, the programs the government uses does not work. 5. I would not use this source in a paper because the author mainly uses satire to lay down information in a way that he still expresses his crude opinions. Annotation Obama has created a new surveillance program on Verizon where the invasion of privacy is a big deal

Point of Presence Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Point of Presence Advertising - Essay Example The author planned to purchase a movie named Lord of the Rings - Fellowship of the Ring on recommendation of a friend and came across a pack of all the three movies of Lord of the Ring series at a price that was 20% less than the overall cost had the movies been purchased separately. The author realized that he anyway had to purchase the other two movies to complete the story and was delighted to get all the three of them at 20% discount. In the second purchase instance, the author was delighted to realize the value of the package as he owns both a Sony digital camera and Handy Cam. The total price was cheaper by 15%. Such product promotion advertisements resulted in positive impact on the author because the overall value of the buying decisions improved although the author didn't had planned for part of the purchase. The effectiveness of these two "Point-of-Sale" advertisements resulted in win-win deal for both the store and the author - the store increased the net sale value and th e author got more useful products at lesser cost. The author was not at all annoyed but was happy with the sales girl for introducing these offers. Massy and Frank (1966. pp383) presented the findings of an exploratory study on behavior of retailer advertising thus establishing some interesting empirical generalizations. They could prove that the brands sell differently in different stores and the support to a brand depends upon the brand's market share in a particular store type. The author discovered a linkage of this theory with the research by Kumar and Leone (1988. pp178-179) which stated that many customer packaged good manufacturers have resorted to funding short term sales promotion at the store level which primarily has two distinct advantages - the effectiveness of promotions can result in on the spot sales activity and the store management takes pride into participating in on the spot campaigns given increased margins & commissions. Both the manufacturer and the store management gain in this process - the former achieves brand promotion & quick sales and the latter achieves improved profitability of the store. Howeve r the store management normally achieves short term benefits but the manufacturers achieve long term benefits by achieving strong customer franchise through brand substitution. From the author's perspective one good observation about this model is that the on the spot promotional activities sometimes are effective enough to modify the purchase plan by the customers that they had made before visiting the store. Bucklin and Lattin (1991. pp24) observed that "point-of-purchase promotion is particularly attractive given the large pro-portion of grocery purchase decisions made after entering the store". They further observed that "two-thirds of supermarket purchases are the result of an in-store decision". Culturally speaking, such campaigns has promoted a culture of "fun buying" even avail such promotions to just find out what's hot on the day and carry out on the spot purchase decisions. Many a times, customers just get impressed by the sales skills of the sales person and do not bothe r what brand they are buying. Hence the

Gender Sexuality and Nationalism in the Early 20th Century in China Essay

Gender Sexuality and Nationalism in the Early 20th Century in China - Essay Example However, with the changes that were facing the country in the early 20th century, the aspects that were previously restricted increased in the number of cases and more people began engaging in different acts. One of the cases that had increased was prostitution that was more acceptable as with the fast growing population and city life people stated in engaging in the acts and although the men were also affected, the women were the most highly affected (Liu, et al 90). There was more premarital sexual behavior since the people that had moved to the urban areas did not believe in sticking to the same rules that restricted them before. There was also a change in nationalism as the state stopped being involved in every aspect of its people’s lives and due to the changes in the global setting, there were other problems that had hit the country. The state stopped looking at the state of affairs of marriages by individuals and as a result, there was increased freedom among the people . The state would however still involve itself in the problems facing the marriage if there was any violence or if the issue was brought to the attention of the state. The state and the people had started changing their previous beliefs and they were slowly integrating the modernity model into their lives that brought with it other sexual behaviors. Masculinity and femininity are also important aspects that were slowly changing in China as the old and patriarchal systems were changing although at a slow rate.