Design and Construction of Turbine Engines †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Design and Construction of Turbine Engines. Answer: Structure and Construction of Turbine Engines: A Review In a turbine motor the whole procedure of admission, pressure, burning and fumes happens inside the ignition chamber at the same time with no interference as independent segments are given to completing each capacity inside the chamber. Significant pieces of a gas turbine are pretty much the equivalent and comprises of fumes area, turbine segment, burning segment, blower segment, air bay, frill segment, segments for fuel gracefully, oil and beginning purposes and segments for pressurization, cooling and hostile to icing (Anderson, 2009). The primary contrast between turbine motors are the wording utilized by various producers and the kind of blower utilized. Usually accessible sorts of turbine motor are the high by-pass fan fly, turbo-fan, turbo-prop and turbo-fly (Hunecke, 2010). In view of the sort of blower turbo-fly motors can be isolated into two kinds to be specific, outward and pivotal stream turbo-fly motors. The radiating stream turbo-motor gets the air streaming inwards and applies divergent activity to quicken it outwards, subsequently changing over speed into pressure. The force required by this sort of motor could be given just if the blower had exceptionally huge distance across. Both twofold and single stage impellors have been utilized to structure the blowers. In hub stream turbo-fly motor the progression of air is along its longitudinal hub utilizing a turbine get together and a pivotal stream blower. The weight of the air taken in by the blower is expanded considerably by going it through a few phases of pressure and afterward went into the burning chamber. The packed air is then blended in with the fuel and touched off which raises the temperature. The side-effects extend through the turbine and leave the blower, thusly driving it. As the results leave the blower the temperature and constrain tumbles to arrive at encompassing weight, delivering a high speed stream as the gas courses through the pushing spout. The distinction among turboprop and turbojet motors is that there are more stages in turboprop motors and produces increasingly forward force through the apparatus train and shaft so as to drive the propeller. The fumes gases which go through the additional stages help the turbine to give additional force. Coaxial shafts are utilized if there should arise an occurrence of various rotor turbines in order to drive the propeller and blower freely. The turboprop setup is accessible in the apparatus decrease or gearbox gathering which is associated with the torque meter get together in order to transmit the torque. On the off chance that the propeller in a turboprop motor is supplanted utilizing a channel encased pivotal stream fan, at that point it is a turbofan turbine (Kroes and Wild 2010). The fan is either mounted on a different arrangement of sharp edges or on the primary phase of blower cutting edges. While the sharp edges are mounted behind of the turbine wheel or forward of the blower. This believers more fuel vitality to pressure and subsequently spares more fuel and so as to give more capacity to driving the fan an additional stage must be included the turbine and the fly spout requires to have a bigger zone. Forward fan motors utilize two diverse pipe plans one ducted along the external instance of the motor and the other ducted over the edge. In this manner the fumes gases are either legitimately gone without blending in with the air or are blended in with air and afterward released. References Anderson, K. (2009). Drive Plant Accident Investigation. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Hunecke, K. (2010). Fly Engines: Fundamentals of Theory, Design and Operation. Marlborough: The Crowood Press Kroes, M.J. also, Wild, T.W. (2010). Airplane Powerplants (Aviation Technology Series). New Delhi, new Delhi: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Seriousness of Global Warming

An unnatural weather change is viewed as one of the most noteworthy issues. The issue addresses the ascent of temperature of the Earth’s environment just as the impact of vaporous emanations and burning gases, which are the purposes behind the biologists and scientists’ concern. Along these lines, the anthropogenic consider comes effect.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Seriousness of Global Warming explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are a great deal of logical articles just as books and different sources which are given to the environmental issue. For the most part, an unnatural weather change is portrayed as an ascent of temperature. One of the creators who considered this natural issue cautiously, the creator Cline (1992) states that â€Å"the most genuine general issue is that the reportsâ€especially their arrangement aspectsâ€focus a lot on environmental switch up to a fixed date, 2030, rather than giving equiv alent accentuation to the more drawn out term changes that will result from human activities among now and 2030.† (p. 44) The outcomes of an Earth-wide temperature boost which impact the future must be thought about, however in the event that one ponders the present, there will be no compelling reason to foresee things. The inquiry which the environmentalists pose to themselves is what can anyone do? The activities of the individuals who offer thought to this worldwide environmental issue are not composed, as their amount isn't sufficient to influence others. Obviously, it is simpler to consider negative outcomes which will occur in future, however not to take gauges now. There are numerous elements which are identified with the cause of the natural issue. Notwithstanding, an Earth-wide temperature boost relies generally on the supposed nursery impact which is re-emanated towards the lower environment. (NOAA Satellite and Information Service, 2007) The previously mentioned imp act is the most significant factor of the Earth’s temperature managing. Much of the time it is the anthropogenic factor which is viewed as the chief explanation of an unnatural weather change. A carbon dioxide which is the principle component of the nursery impact surpasses its standards by various occasions. For example, different burning gases impact the expanding of carbon dioxide in the environment. Prior, individuals imagined that the atmosphere changes rely on the sun powered impact; in any case, today this perspective is perceived to be obsolete. From one perspective, the announcement bodes well; on the other one, the effect of sunlight based impact is perceived to be fairly little in examination with nursery impact, along these lines, the prior proclamation is immaterial. Today, it is conceivable to foresee the aftereffects of atmosphere changes. Along these lines, PC innovations permitted to make the alleged climatic framework to decide the connection between an Eart h-wide temperature boost and nursery impact. Interestingly, it isn't the grouping of ozone harming substances which causes the atmosphere changes, yet their connection with different physical procedures does.Advertising Looking for exposition on natural investigations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One may state that there are no obvious aftereffects of the biological issue. It is an off-base conclusion. The negative outcomes of a dangerous atmospheric devation are perceptible on little islands. The issue contacted the human wellbeing also, so there is a solid need to discover the answer for the issue. The worldwide natural issue is identified with each individual who lives on the Earth. Considering a worldwide temperature alteration and its potential outcomes, is the initial step of the difficult arrangement. Disparaging the a worldwide temperature alteration is a mix-up. Reference List Cline. W.R. The Economics of Globa l Warming. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. Recovered from https://www.questia.com/read/99472197/the-financial aspects of-a worldwide temperature alteration NOAA Satellite and Information Service. (2007). A worldwide temperature alteration. Web. This exposition on Seriousness of Global Warming was composed and presented by client Rumiko Fujikawa to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Etsy

Etsy © Shutterstock.com | 360bEtsy is a popular ecommerce platform that serves a niche market of sellers. In this article we will look at 1) what is Etsy,  2) selling successfully on Etsy, 3) advantages and disadvantages of selling on Etsy, 4) taking precautions, and 5) Etsy success stories.WHAT IS ETSY?The CompanyA popular ecommerce website, Etsy is a platform for the sale and purchase of handmade or vintage products. In newer guidelines, relatively unique items that are factory made can also be sold. The product range has considerable variety including art, photography, clothes, jewelry, food, beauty products, quilts, toys and a many other items.Etsy has strict guidelines that must be adhered to by all sellers. This used to include a ban on non-handmade items which as relaxed in October 2013. Any vintage items must be at least 20 years old. The website functions like a craft fair, where each seller has their own storefront and list items for a small fee.By August 2013, the site had 30 million registered members and projections for the same year included 1 million sellers and over $1 billion worth of transactions.The Business ModelEtsy has differentiated itself from other ecommerce platforms by its focus on unique, handmade or vintage crafts and products. Products are displayed in artistic styles rather than in more commercial catalogue styles. Sellers on Etsy include part time sellers, hobbyists, professional artists and full time sellers.Two  key areas have made the Etsy business model a success.Community Engagement: Sellers create personalized stores that encourage authenticity, reliability and a way to do business in a friendly and sustainable manner.New Tools and Educational Material to Support Sellers: Through Etsy created tools and guides as well as support from the community, there is always an effort to help sellers gain more out of their stores and help new sellers establish themselves.Selling on EtsyAfter creating a username, potential sellers can decid e a shopname and setup a shop. Etsy will charge a small fee of $0.20 for each item listed in the store. The listing is valid for 4 months on the shop page, or until the product is sold. The price for each item is set by the shop’s owner but Etsy will charge 3.5% of this price per listing. These fees are invoiced at the end of each month and must be paid within 15 days. Sellers can chose payment options to offer to their buyers including credit/debit cards and PayPal among others.Buying on EtsyEtsy has a simple interface that is easy to navigate. The main page allows a buyer to choose an option, pick a category or enter a product description in the search field. Products are divided into categories and sub-categories. If a product is selected, the seller’s rating can be viewed for reliability and the product can be added to the cart. To purchase, the buyer must also create an Etsy account. No charges are incurred by the buyer at any point except the listed item’s price and ship ping costs.How to on Etsy Opening a Shop, Fees, and Listing HOW TO SELL SUCCESSFULLY ON ETSYSelling successful on Etsy is more than just creating a store and listing some items. There needs to be a coherent plan accompanied by smart e-selling strategy. Some useful learning can be gleaned from the experience of existing Etsy sellers.Tips from Etsy Seller CommunityTreat Etsy like a Real Business: As mentioned, Etsy is not a magic solution. To create a successful profit making business, the Etsy store needs to be treated like a real business with a clear business plan and strategy mapped out.Follow Etsy Guidelines: Esty has specific rules of what can be sold and what cannot be. It is important to read these guidelines thoroughly and follow them completely.Be Part of the Community: Within Etsy, there is a lot of focus on the community, in terms of support and learning. It is a good idea to offer feedback, ask for advice and help promote other items that you like and your customers may appreciate. This will help gain supporters from within the community who will then help you market your brand.Conduct Market Analysis: Given the number of competitors and constantly evolving trends, it is a good idea to look through the Etsy community and benchmark some successful stores. Understand what they are selling and how they are selling it. Take the time to learn from them. It is important to study competitors and similar products to analyze pricing and quality as well as special offers.Have an Interesting About Section: A public profile, which is the about section, can be a great way to tell your story to a browsing potential buyer. People like an interesting story and a real person to relate to. This may end up being a key differentiating element of your shop.Focus on Photography and Photos: A vital component of a successful Etsy store is product photography. Since buyers cannot experience the product in person before they choose to buy it, the next best thing is to have engaging and attractive photos that show off the product and all its features. The photos should be detailed, clear, taken from different angles and be generally attractive. This user lists useful photography guides.Determine the Right Price: It is imperative that you understand your product, the cost of making it, time spent on the creation, shipping costs and its value to a potential client. All these aspects will help establish a realistic price for the product that will help ensure that you neither undersell your product nor oversell it.Clearly Mention Policies: If you have any policies relating to purchase or shipping ensure that they are clearly mentioned and easy to understand. Review periodically to make sure they are updated and relevant.Use Announcements: Use the announcements section to keep your store updated and information flowing. If there is a new product added, a discount or a special offer announce it and make sure it is made up of the right keywords.Focus on Build ing your Brand: There are thousands of Etsy sellers selling thousands of products. To stand out from the crowd, it is a necessary step to build up your brand. By becoming part of the community, creating and maintaining a blog and contributing to other blogs, you can build up your own brand as well as for your store. A strong store name, a simple but catchy logo and a ensuring that this is displayed prominently across your store, packaging and advertisements will help establish brand visibility.Understand Your Target Audience Market: Both selling online or in physical stores requires a solid understanding of who you are selling to. It is a good idea to ask yourself whether the audience is male or female, what their ages and occupations are, what their buying power is and what their needs are. All these help sell to the right audience at the right price.Work on Search Engine Optimization: A little research into SEO can go a long way towards helping grow a fledgling business. With the right use of keywords, an Etsy shop can be placed high up in google searches. It is a good idea to identify shopper intent to see what kind of words or phrases they are likely to search with. It is also a good idea to determine the search volume of a keyword. If it is too high volume, it will be difficult to place high in the search results. Conversely, a too obscure word may not be searched enough to make an impact. There needs to be a balance between volume and a niche to ensure that there is less competition but still searchability.Work on Social Media Marketing: Marketing through social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest helps increase visibility, followers and potential buyers at relatively no cost to the seller. It also helps build more personal relationships with potential buyers, adding a layer of reliability and credibility which can greatly encourage buying behavior.Provide Great Customer Service: Customers are more likely to return to an Etsy store i f they experience great customer service. Make sure that you answer any queries or comments promptly, politely and with a personal touch. Building trust will go a long way towards loyal customers and customer recommendations.Send Samples to the Right People: Bloggers and relevant media people can be great ways to gain endorsements for your products. Free samples can lead to positive reviews and visibility among their followers. Often, smaller businesses also gain popularity with celebrities which are extremely important sources of advertising. It is important to create a fun interesting product or another differentiating feature that excites these people about your product.Make Sure you Have Fun: As long as creative business stays fun and not a task to be done, it will remain an exciting endeavor. It is fails to be so, then it is a good idea to change things around to keep things interesting and challenging. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELLING ON ETSYEtsy is one of the largest o nline platforms for selling handmade and unique products and crafts. However, it is not always an easy task to sell successfully through the website. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the platform are:AdvantagesStrong Reputation: The website has managed to create a name for itself worldwide and thus brings with it a certain level of credibility. There are also hundreds of blogs and forum discussions which help get started selling on Etsy and offer continued support.User Friendly Website: The website is easy to navigate and use. It is quite simple to set up a shop, customize it and list items to sell. It is similarly simple to find and purchase productsStrong Community: Given its reputation, there are people from all over the world registered as users on Etsy. This means there are lots of support blogs, forums and discussions to learn. There are also many ways to get good advice and support other businesses.Reasonable Cost: Though there are costs associated with selling you r product on Etsy, it is still more reasonable then investing in your own website or selling on other platforms. It can be a good idea to start selling on Etsy and eventually decide whether other ways of selling need to be explored.Worldwide Reach: The Etsy community of buyers and sellers are geographically dispersed all over the world. This offers buyers more choices and sellers more access to a larger audience to sell to.Interactivity: Etsy allows feedback on a product without even purchasing it. This offers a seller valuable feedback when a product remains unsold.Digital Products: Along with physical products, Etsy also allows the sale of online or digital products such as crotchet prints, sewing patterns or other similar items. These can be emailed to a customer on receiving payment.DisadvantagesCrowded Marketplace: Given its reputation and popularity, Etsy is full of sellers often selling similar things. This makes the market very competitive and there is a constant need to evo lve and stay ahead.Costly: Though more reasonable than other alternates, there are still costs associated with selling on Etsy. It is a good idea to keep an eye on these costs to ensure that it remains worthwhile to sell products through the platform.No HTML Options: There are limited options to customize the shop and listings as the website does not allow HTML customization. Only the banner can be customized which can often lead to a less interesting storefront that may get lost in the crowd.Selling Successfully Is Hard Work: Because of increased competitiveness, it is an uphill task to establish a brand and a loyal customer base. It is necessary to have a business plan and to understand the ins and outs of selling and marketing online. There needs to be an understanding of search engine optimization, blogging, the use of social media as an advertising and networking tool and how to keep costs low. TAKING PRECAUTIONSAs a seller, there are several common dangers that threaten safe b usiness practices. These scams can result in a loss of products, loss of money or bad reputation on Etsy in the form of negative feedback from an unsuccessful scammer.Avoiding Common Etsy ScamsThere is a possibility that a after a purchase is made, the buyer may contact the seller and ask to send to a different address than is listed in their Etsy and PayPal account. If the seller complies, they will have to refund the customer if they claim to have never received the item. The scammer will get to keep both the product and the refund amount. The seller will have to bear the cost of the transaction.If the seller refuses to ship to the alternate address, the customer have lash out by leaving negative feedback which is an undesirable situation in an Etsy store. To avoid this, the seller may have to offer a refund or send the item to the different address.In a similar scenario, a customer could claim to have moved and never received the item because the seller refused to send to a new a ddress that was different from the PayPal address. This again leads to the same situation as above with either a bad review or lost money and products.ETSY SUCCESS STORIESDave Conrey compiles a list of successful Etsy shops. The top seller in this list is an accessories store called Three Bird Nest.Three Bird NestWhat is it?Headbands and AccessoriesAverage Quantity Sold per Month2,300Average Price$28Average Revenue Per Month$65,000The StoryAlicia Shaffer started her successful business in November 2011 on a whim. A boutique owner, she decided to create some basic headbands to stock in her store. Following their success, she decided to sell a few on Etsy to supplement her income. Alicia named the shop after her three kids and a tattoo that she had of her three birds in a nest.Her store quickly took off, with Alicia attributing the initial success to Christmas and holiday shopping. Though it was an extremely stressful time with the rush to fulfill handmade product orders, it was also a time of discovery and joy at the warm reception by her customers. She decided to continue with the store and stocked up spring items such as scarves for the next season. Her store continued to thrive until eventually she sold off her physical store to dedicate her time to her successful online store on Etsy.Within 18 months, Three Bird Nest became one of the fastest growing Etsy shops and now has its own online store as well. Alicia employs several full time staff members to both produce the items and run the store operations smoothly.Reasons for SuccessAccording to Conrey, there are several factors that have contributed to Three Bird Nest’s (3BN) success. There include:There is excellent SEO and keyword use and consistency across all 3BN listings, including their headers and descriptions. This creates a network of sorts that keeps the products higher up in searchesThe shop sells a few thousand products a month, which means new products are listed frequently which keeps the stor e relevant during a search.3BN uses captivating people in product shots rather than mannequins which makes the product appear more appealing. The quality and variety of the photos also contributes to this.3BN has created a presence across relevant social media. When the name is entered into a google search, 3BN appears on not only Etsy and Facebook but also an independent site, a Pinterest page and a blog. A combination of these creates a strong presence across channels.3BN has been featured on many blogs that are popular in the fashion and design spheres. These add to the links that lead back to the store and create visibility and publicity.

Inequality in the United States - 889 Words

Country of Indifference One of the main topics discussed during this political science course is the political and economic inequality that has recently risen to staggering levels in the United States. Although political and economic inequality seem to be some of the most pressing issues we face today, little has been done to close the gap between the middle and upper classes. By looking at how our government and society behaves, one can see why the inequality barrier is such a difficult obstacle to overcome. Politicians may be more focused on staying in the good favor of their party than their people, but they are still elected by the majority. If more citizens took a more proactive approach to politics, social movements would be more successful and more balance would be brought to the political spectrum; however, money, powerful officials, and a general lack of interest prevent the government from maintaining a system that benefits everyone equally. Despite the inequality in the United State s, many Americans have been determined to have their voices heard. Recently, movements such as Occupy Wallstreet and the Tea Party Movement have formed in response to the growing wealth and control by the â€Å"1%†. These social movements have become very popular at times due to discontent among the populace and the wide accessibility of social media. While these movements tend to have rapid success early on; lack of cohesion, results, and true directionShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of Inequality Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of Inequality is an article that delves into the harsh realities we face in our country today, with regards to income inequality. Income inequality in the United States is at a rise. And the sobering factor is that so little is being done to address this issue. According to a new study by researchers at the Economic Policy Institute, forces of rising inequality are operating at an all-time high throughout the United States. The study, â€Å"which measures income inequality by state, metroRead MoreThe Inequality Of The United States1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is currently experiencing increased income inequality and a large gap between rich and poor that continues to grow. After the Wall Street meltdown in 2008 and the recession that followed, economic recovery has been extremely slow and the inequality of America’s income distribution seems to be intensifying. Since the recession, the top one percent of earners in the US has experienced notably higher percentages of income growth, while the incomes of the middle class have become frozenRead MoreThe Inequality Of The United States1539 Words   |  7 Pages Income concentration in United States has changed along with the spending patterns of the individuals. This has induced and widened the pay gap between the wealthy and the middle class. One individual’s demand is now another’s necessity which is why the income ladd er is hard to grab now. Although financial aid by the government does help the middle class students to acquire good quality education, but this is not enough as the wealthy can get what they want even if they possess lesser prospectsRead MoreThe Inequality Of The United States2537 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Inequality in the United States has prevailed on all levels, be it the justice and legal system, or the social class. This inequality is not only the basis of discrimination, but also encourages the increase in criminalization.† This report provides the understanding about income inequality in the United States, which shows the impact on the American conception of justice and the legal system. This book demonstrates about the divide by observing the connection among rising income inequalityRead MoreThe Inequality Of The United States2017 Words   |  9 Pages The study of inequality in America is vital to understanding the complicated political and social issues in America. Barrington, Illinois, my home town, is the picture of upper-middle class suburbia. It is a town with very little inequality, and very little diversity, but one which reveals some basic truths about inequality in America. One must first look at a snapshot of what Barrington socioeconomic structure is, then evaluate this structure through the theories of inequality. After these, andRead MoreGender Inequality Of The United States1363 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"You won’t get paid. As a woman and of color, you’re going to be u nderpaid, so there’s really no point,† Daniel recalled (â€Å"Career and Workplace† 4). A future law graduate was told to throw away her dreams in regards to gender inequality. A girl named Reshma Daniel had to give up what she loved most because of a situation regarding both her race and gender. Reshma Daniel’s parents moved to America from India with just a couple dollars. Her parents wanted their children to live the American life. ForRead MoreEconomic Inequality Of The United States1696 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic Inequality Paper Homelessness is one of the main problems plaguing the United States today, with low income earners at a higher risk of becoming homeless than previous years. There have been countless laws and ordinances put in place throughout the country in hopes of solving this growing problem but many of them have failed to address one of the main things causing this issue, economic inequality and the unequal distribution of wealth in the United States. Although there are many non-profitRead MoreGender Inequality : The United States939 Words   |  4 PagesGender inequality has been an issue in the United States of America since the very founding of the country. Many believe that the sexes are equal in the United States of today because nearly a hundred years ago women gained the right to vote but this was not the only hurdle we needed to surmount. Gender inequality is alive and thriving even today, and although this is definitely not the only issue American women face today, it can be seen in s omething called the wage gap. It is commonly known thatRead MoreEconomic Inequality Of The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2013, President Obama asserted that the growing income gap in the United States is a â€Å"defining challenge of our time†. Economic inequality consistently ranks amongst the greatest concerns of voters and is the subject of growing national and international attention. As such, explorations of rising inequality are not new. Where the readings are revelatory, however, is in their efforts to expose the fallacy that economic distribution, be it the hyper-concentration of wealth at the top or the existenceRead MorePoverty Inequality : The United States1040 Words   |  5 Pagesgreatest problems in the United States today. Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; a condition of being poor.Many people, especially African Americans and children, live in poverty. People in poverty are left to face different social, cultural, phys ical and mental challenges.The American Dream is to have a well paying job and to be comfortable, but most Americans are forced to live a life of poverty. Although the United States is one of the richest

Essay about The Crack Cocaine Epidemic of the Mid 1980s

â€Å"Just Say No!† A statement that takes us deep into yet another decade in the history of the United States which was excited by controversies, social issues, and drug abuse. The topic of this statement is fueled by the growing abuse of cocaine in the mid 1980s. I shall discuss the effects of the crack cocaine epidemic of the mid 1980s from a cultural and social stand point because on that decade this country moved to the rhythms and the pace of this uncanny drug. Cocaine took its told on American society by in the 1980s; it ravaged with every social group, race, class, etc. It reigned over the United States without any prejudices. Crack cocaine was the way into urban society, because of its affordability in contrast to the powdered†¦show more content†¦The numbers speak loud and clear. This was part of the effects that where brought about by this epidemic, the growing use of the drug. Crack cocaine pierced through urban neighborhoods; its roots were tightly gripe d in Los Angeles California’s black neighborhoods (Webb â€Å"Dark Alliance; War†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). In effect, the growing use of cocaine in the US brought fort new types of profit and purpose for the drug trafficking industry; thus the emergence of crack cocaine on American soil, especially through the explosion in LA. This was due to a link between these areas drug dealers and the Fuerza Democratica Nicaraguense (FDA), know as the Contras here in the US (Webb â€Å"Dark Alliance; the Shadowy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The Contras imported the cocaine through one man, Oscar Danilo Blandon (Webb â€Å"Dark Alliance; the Shadowy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The Contras revolution against the socialist establishment in Nicaragua was being funded by the drug trafficking industry in other words (Webb â€Å"Dark Alliance; the Shadowy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), and this ius when a chain effect begins. The chains of effects begin in Nicaragua, but ultimately it ends and harbors itself in the US within its urban neig hborhoods. The CIA was involved with the Contras is one way or another, this is where the conspiracy theories begin (Webb â€Å"Dark Alliance; the Shadowy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Supposedly in the most extreme conclusion of them all is that the CIA was allowing the Contras to import and deliver all their cocaine, in order for them to find the monetary means for theirShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Bad And The Bone1247 Words   |  5 Pagesbrain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use wherein the user has no effective choice but to continue.† (webmd, 2014). Dating back to the 19th century, Americans first discovered drugs such as morphine, heroin and cocaine however tobacco, nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, opium and amphetamine were of the few drugs ordinarily abused. The drugs listed had been introduced to the Americas at different times. .Tobacco is a green, verdant plant that is orginated in warm temperatures. It is nativeRead MoreThe Crack Epidemic in Washington Dc4036 Words   |  17 PagesThe Federal Government’s Impact on the Crack Epidemic in the District of Colombia Cutler Fisher AMST 3950W April 15, 2012 The term epidemic is typically used in relation to the spread of a disease however; in the mid 1980’s this term was attached to crack cocaine. The crack cocaine epidemic described the impact of a newly created drug on most U.S. cities in the northeast and Mid Atlantic. Washington, D.C. provided the perfect setting for crack cocaine to flourish. Plenty of low-income innerRead MoreHip Hop and the Crack Epidemic1701 Words   |  7 PagesIt was during the mid-1980s that the emergence of a new smokable form of cocaine, called crack, had been introduced to the United States. Crack, was highly-addictive and swept through impoverished areas of cities such as New York, Los Angeles, Oakland, and Miami. In the end it caused devastating effects for black and Latino Americans. As crack cocaine was becoming a grim and rising epidemic, hip hop was evolving alongside it. It was in the 1980s that crack cocaine and hip hop became the two leadingRead MorePrince s Influence On Society1293 Wo rds   |  6 Pages. During the 1980s, the way Americans perceived homosexuality, race, and violence was challenged. In response, Prince’s eccentric and extravagant music style and attire dismantled conventional gender barriers of what it meant to be masculine and feminine in American society. Therefore, his musical creations set an example by pushing the limits of authenticity and self-expression. 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Crack is the street name for a form of cocaine introduced in the mid-1980s. Crack is smoked, rather then sniffed through the nose, or injected, which are all other ways to use cocaine. Users of the drug inhale the vapors that are given off when the crack is heated (Berger pg.20). Crack cannot burn, and in order to give offRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Abuse1385 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Cocaine is an addictive drug that comes from the coca plant. How cocaine is made and ingested are the primary differences between powdered and crack cocaine. It can be ingested in multiple ways, but inhaling and smoking are the most common. Powdered cocaine is a white substance that is snorted and absorbed through the nasal tissue. Crack cocaine is made by dissolving cocaine with an alkaline (like baking soda), then it turns into a sheet that can be crushed out into â€Å"rock† form. InRead More War on Drugs Essay examples1932 Words   |  8 Pages I. 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The Role of Science in Future Free Essays

The role of science and technology in future design will be discussed from the perspective of someone who has lived all his life in the United States and whose scientific experience has spanned the years since the late 1930s. It is likely that the reader will find in my discussion characteristics that apply to many developed countries and developing onesInasmuch as scientific progress is highly dependent on financial support and, in modern times, on general societal support, it is appropriate to discuss the interaction of science and society.Using the United States as an example, some of the topics to be discussed are the views of public officials who influence the distribution of research funds, the response of funding agencies and the views of scientists. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Science in Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, we shall look at the co-evolution of science and society and attempt to draw some conclusions concerning their related future and the implications for the future of technology. . As a consequence of recognizing the economic benefits that derive from the development of novel, successful technologies, governments have been attempting to direct research, supported with public funds, toward subjects that are perceived as national priorities. This contrasts with broad-based â€Å"curiosity† oriented basic research. 2.The views of scientists, a distinguished economist, some industrial leaders and an editorial comment in a distinguished science journal provide very strong indications that governmental management of goal-oriented research is replete with uncertainties and pitfalls and, although well-motivated, may cause serious damage to the scientific culture. This, of course, would defeat the original purpose, since the co-evolution of science and society is a very-well documented and irrefutable phenomenon. 3.Strong arguments are presented in this article by individuals and groups that support the current system of governmental funding of a very broad rang e of scientific efforts as probably being as close to optimal with regard to national priorities as is possible. No one can predict with any certainty what the most successful inventions and technologies will be in the future. The economic return on federally supported funding was the subject of a report by the Council of Economic Advisors to President Clinton. This report was released in November 1995. It documents high returns to the economy and the importance of governmental involvement How to cite The Role of Science in Future, Papers

The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin Essays - The Story Of An Hour

The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin In reading, The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin, I drew the conclusion that Louise Mallard, in learning of her late husband, felt a great deal of sadness at first. It seems that she felt alone in the world and that she would have to live for herself, and no one else. This meaning that she would no longer be under the protection of her husband and she would have to face the world on her own. All in the same instant, while gazing out the window, into the sky, l believe that she gained strength from God, or some divine being, realizing her fears of being on her own, were actually a fresh start for her. She realized that this was a new beginning for her and she could finally be her own person, and not under the control of her husband. What I didnt understand was the ending. I realize that the received false news, and her husband were really alive, but what I dont get is, did she die? Did she die of the shock of seeing her husband or for some other reason? In the second story, Regret, the main character, Mamzelle Aurelie, was kind of the opposite of Mrs. Mallard. She was on her own from the beginning. She was in control of her own life, and never lived under a mans rules. Her features represented those of a man. I feel that, unlike Mrs. Mallard she went in the opposite direction. She started out a tough woman, but wished that she wasnt. She never married, and wanted to be. I feel that these stories are quite similar, just progress from opposite sides. English Essays

Companies Are It, not They

Companies Are It, not They Companies Are It, not They Companies Are It, not They By Brittiany Cahoon A common error in modern writing looks a little like this: Microsoft announced they are releasing a new Xbox console next week Since Microsoft is a company made up of many people, its easy to make this mistake. But companies are always its, not theys. Microsoft announced it is releasing Another variation on this rule is to remember to use which instead of who. (Wrong) Apple, Inc., who brought the world the iPod (Right) Apple, Inc., which brought the world the iPod Here are some quotations from mainstream publications that illustrate the point: Last week, at the Gnomedex technology conference in Seattle, Microsoft announced it is building the ability to detect, display and subscribe to RSS (The Guardian) Second, Microsoft has devised a new strategy, called .NET, under which it will try to recast itself as a provider of Internet-based software services rather (The Economist) Michele Brosius, a 49-year-old blogger from Pillow, Pa., says shes not deleting her Facebook account, either. She knew from the moment she put her data on the Internet that it was up for grabs. Facebook isnt the only one tracking her. Anytime she uses a store rewards card, a credit card, takes surveys or picks up an electronic device, she knows someones watching her. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesSupervise vs. Monitor

Raising Biracial Children to Be Well-Adjusted

Raising Biracial Children to Be Well-Adjusted Biracial children have existed in the United States since colonial times. America’s first child of dual African and European heritage was reportedly born in 1620. Despite the long history, biracial children have in the U.S., opponents to interracial unions insist on invoking the â€Å"tragic mulatto myth to justify their views. This myth suggests that biracial children will inevitably grow into tortured misfits angry that they fit into neither black nor white society. While mixed-race children certainly face challenges, raising well-adjusted biracial children is quite possible if parents are proactive and sensitive to their children’s needs. Reject Myths About Mixed-Race Kids Want to raise mixed-race children who thrive? Your attitude can make all the difference. Challenge the idea that multiethnic children are destined for a life of difficulty by identifying successful Americans of mixed race such as actors Keanu Reeves and Halle Berry, news anchors Ann Curry and Soledad O’Brien, athletes Derek Jeter and Tiger Woods, and politicians Bill Richardson and Barack Obama. It’s also helpful to consult studies that debunk the tragic mulatto myth. For example, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry  posits that â€Å"multiracial children do not differ from other children in self-esteem, comfort with themselves, or a number of psychiatric problems.† On the contrary, AACAP has found that mixed children tend to celebrate diversity and appreciate an upbringing in which various cultures played a part. Celebrate Your Child’s Multiethnic Heritage Which biracial kids have the best chance of success? Research indicates that they’re the kids allowed to embrace all components of their heritage. Multiracial children forced to choose a single-race identity tend to suffer from this inauthentic expression of self. Unfortunately, society often pressures mixed-race individuals to choose just one race because of the outdated â€Å"one-drop rule† which mandated that Americans with any African heritage be classified as black. It wasn’t until 2000 that the U.S. Census Bureau allowed citizens to identify as more than one race. That year the Census found that about 4% of children in the U.S. are multiracial. How mixed children racially identify depends on a number of factors, including physical features and family attachments. Two multiethnic siblings who look as if they belong to different races may not identify the same way. Parents, however, can teach children that racial identity is more complicated than what someone looks like on the outside. In addition to physical appearance, mixed children may choose a racial identity based on which parent they spend time with most. This especially proves true when interracial couples separate, causing their children to see one parent more than the other. Spouses who take an interest in their mate’s cultural backgrounds will be more equipped to teach children about all aspects of their heritage should divorce occur. Familiarize yourself with the customs, religions, and languages that play roles in your mate’s background. On the other hand, if you’re alienated from your own cultural heritage but want your children to recognize it, visit older family members, museums and your country of origin (if applicable) to learn more. This will enable you to pass traditions on to your kids. Choose a School That Celebrates Cultural Diversity Your children likely spend just as much time in school as they do with you. Create the best educational experience possible for multiracial children by enrolling them in a school that celebrates cultural diversity. Talk to teachers about the books they keep in the classroom and the general education curriculum. Suggest that teachers keep books in the classroom that feature multiethnic characters. Donate such books to the school if the library lacks them. Talk to teachers about ways to counteract racist bullying in the classroom. Parents can also improve their children’s experience in school by discussing with them the types of challenges they’re likely to face. For example, classmates may ask your child, â€Å"What are you?† Talk to children about the best way to answer such questions. Mixed-race children are also commonly asked if they’re adopted when seen with a parent. There’s a scene in the 1959 film â€Å"Imitation of Life† in which a teacher openly disbelieves that a black woman is the mother to a little girl in her class who looks like she’s completely white. In some instances, a biracial child may appear to be from an entirely different ethnic group than either parent. Many Eurasian children are mistaken for Latino, for example. Prepare your children to deal with the shock classmates and teachers may express upon discovering their racial background. Teach them not to hide who they are in order to fit in with mono-racial students. Live in a Multicultural Neighborhood If you have the means, seek to live in an area where diversity is the norm. The more diverse a city is, the higher the chances that a number of interracial couples and multiethnic children live there. Although living in such an area won’t guarantee that your children never face problems because of their heritage, it lessens the odds that your child will be viewed as an anomaly and your family subjected to rude stares and other bad behavior when out and about.

Geology formation in the oil fields Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geology formation in the oil fields - Essay Example Crude oil is a product of pressure, organic matter from ancient living creatures and certain formation of the rocks in the strata. The porous and permeable rock reservoirs are the collection point of the hydrocarbon fuels. This is possible due the accumulation of these liquid oil and gases such as methane and shale gas. There are however some important factors that ensure the conditions are right for the formation of the crude oil. These factors include the existence of what are referred to as source rocks, reservoir rocks, traps and oil and gas seals. Each of the named features should definitely be present in order for the conditions to be optimal and to allow the proper formation of crude oil. Oil and naturally occurring gas come from certain types of rocks. These rocks are sedimentary in type and were deposited in water during the changing phases of the transformation of the Earth. These rocks are known as source rocks. Mineral fragments, remains of organic substrates, and moistur e. When this type of rocks experience a lot of pressure and heat from the compressing by other layers of rock. The term sedimentary comes from the characteristic of the rock to be formed from sediments, these include organic matter. The sedimentary rocks were usually deposited as soil or mud at the bottom of lakes and oceans. This excessive pressure forces the organic matter from the sedimentary rocks to start to be heated and when the right temperatures reach oil and gases are expelled from these rocks.

Valuation of AirThread Connections Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Valuation of AirThread Connections - Assignment Example The biggest assumption which is taken for this scenario is the steady as well as lower cost pattern especially in terms of recurring cost of people and supervisor which is estimated to be $20,000 per year for the next years. On the other hand, the estimated benefits of to be derived from this project in next five years are also another contributing factor in arriving such huge NPV such that increased profits amounts to around $160,000 per year over the next five years. In this way, this project would successfully achieve the positive NPV of $257,065. The second scenario is referred to as the neutral strategy such that in this particular scenario, the final figure of NPV would be zero as the cost of capital of the project (discount rate) would be exactly equal to the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The other assumptions of this strategy are the same however there are few changes as well. The major change in the assumptions of this scenario is that the software cost of the project has been reduced from $175,000 to around $118,128. The other major changes include the increase in the recurring cost of people and supervisor which has been increased from $20,000 to $50,000 and $40,000 in first and second year respectively and kept constant at $30,000 each year for the next three years of the project. The other major change is the decrease in the amount of profits such that profits are assumed to be reduced from $160,000 to $40,000 and $60,000 in first and second year respectively whereas it is kept constant at $80,000 per year for the rest of the project life. In this way, the cash outflows are exactly equal to the project cash inflows, thereby generating nil NPV for the project which indicates a breakeven position of the project. The defensive strategy is developed to highlight the negative consequences and effects of cash flows upon the project. All the assumptions

How Does Law And Order SVU Portray Women?

How Does Law And Order SVU Portray Women? Contents 1. Introduction This study examines the representation of women on Television which is one of the most litigious topics surrounding the medium and is strongly dissected in this day and age. I will be conducting my research specifically on portrayal of women in Law and Order: Special Victims Unit. The examination should reveal whether the depiction of female characters on Law and Order is positive or negative. 1.1 Women On TV Joseph (2004) argues that women were underrepresented on network dramatic shows in 1950s to the 1970s and when they did appear, they were frequently seen in token or stereotyped roles. Although representation of women have changed greatly in the last two decades as we are progressing into a more contemporary society, the question is, has it really changed modern representations of women or it merely replicates gender stereotypes (Dobash et al. 1998). In recent years, Xena Warrior Princess and Buffy The Vampire Slayer pioneered the strong leading female characters in fantasy genre. Magoulick (2006) elucidates the positive reviews of Xena and Buffy demonstrate the extent to which these women characters resonate with female viewers longing for strong role models, or even just strong female roles on television. However, these characters were based in fantasy and science fiction genre. Still, programmes like Cagney and Lacey, Cats Eyes and Juliet Bravo paved the way for future strong fema le characters which were popular police/detective dramas depicting strong women. 1.2 Law Order: Special Victims Unit Currently in its 13th season, Law and Order: SVU first aired in 1999. The detectives on the team solve sexually motivated crimes and child abuse cases, which includes an exceptionally strong female lead character Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and other popular female characters such as Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish), Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) and Assistant District Attorney Casey Novak (Diane Neal). Law Order: Special Victims Unit offers a unique blend of characteristics placed within a masculine detective genre with strong main female lead along with a male partner, Detective Elliot Stabler portrayed by Christopher Meloni. The episodes often feature real life crime stories and create episodes based on crime stories ripped from the headlines (Green 2009, pp.2). Law Order: Special Victims Unit is one of the most successful and popular spin off series of Law and Order franchise which has won many awards as well as the 2006 Emmy for Outstanding L ead Actress in a Drama Series for Mariska Hargitay (Emmys, 2006) who describes female audiences reaction to her character Olivia Benson in Greens book Law Order: Special Victims Unit: The Unofficial Companion: As the show got more popular, I received so many emails from so many survivors. They were identifying so much with my character, identifying with this lion, this strong powerful (Olivia Benson). And then I had thirteen-years-old going, I want to be you; you are my role model. Hundreds of emails going, I want to be a cop when I grow up. And I thought this character has touched something deep in so many women and provided a safe place to goà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I felt I had a responsibility. (Green 2009, pp. 90) 1.3 Relevance Of The Research Women representation on television has significant value to female audiences because they view strong characters as role models. Singh, Vinnicombe and James (2006) studied career-minded women who keenly draw on role models from different aspects of like, television being one of them. They discovered that women used female characters from Television as role models such as Buffy, Alias and Xena: The Warrior Princesss. Analysing this aspect of female characters on Law Order: Special Victims Unit will provide me with the tools to examine the codes used in the portrayal of women. Research has been conducted on Law and Order: Special Victims Unit in the past i.e ethnic minorities, victimization of women. For example Britto (2007, p40) has deconstructed that portrayal of women are overplayed on crime drama series as offenders and victims with the help of content analysis in her article Does Special Mean Young, White and Female? Deconstructing the Meaning of Special in Law Order: Special Victims Unit. Furthermore, there has been extensive research on representation of ethnic minorities, male and female on Law and Order: Special Victims Unit. However, my research will focus on the female characters such as Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay), Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish), Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) and Assistant District Attorney Casey Novak (Diane Neal) and deconstruct the codes employed to characterize them. 2. Literature Review Theoretical framework will direct my research in a focus manner whilst facilitating a proficient and comprehensive analysis. It will provide a major foundation for my investigation. As representation of women is such a diverse topic, I will focus and limit my research with the help of theoretical framework to achieve an accurate conclusion. 2.1 Representation Of Women On TV In order to build my research, the history of women representation would greatly aid in my investigation. Consequently, DAccis (1994) meticulous exploration of Cagney and Lacey, which aired from 1981 to 1988 and widely recognized as an innovative treatment of working women would provide the perfect groundwork for the investigation. While researching this book, DAcci had unprecedented access to the set, to production meetings, and to the complete production files, including correspondence from network executives, publicity firms, and thousands of viewers. In this book she examines the development of women characters and the representation of feminism on prime-time television. This would provide me thorough knowledge of what goes behind making a drama series with female lead characters and will equip me with the right tools to compare the representation of female characters on Law and Order:SVU. Furthermore, it contains other example from the history of American television which would be beneficial for my research. Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigels (2007) book Feminist Television Criticism: A Reader provides a detailed examination extending across television, media and screen studies which looks into representation of feminism as historical categories and political identities. This book gives a valuable analysis of women working behind the camera and in-front of the camera as well as female audience and their response to television in their daily lives. I would be able to evaluate the depiction of women on Law Order: SVU in regards to historical and political viewpoint. The representation of females on the television screen has been a subject of much discussion since the television became commercially available in the late 1930s. In 21st Century, even though television produces programs like Pan Am, Charlies angels, The Playboy Club with female lead characters, they are still viewed through a very patriarchal ideology (Ingham, 2007). Dominicks (1979) article The portrayal of women in prime time, 1953-1977 concludes that female characters appearing on prime-time television from 1953-1977 were underrepresented on television and were frequently seen in stereotyped roles. This article will help me setting the groundwork for my research as I can put female characters on Law and Order: SVU side by side with previous characters. Further research (Elasmar, Kazumi and Brain, 2009) showed that women were more likely to be shown playing minor roles and playing characters of housewives and involved in a romantic relationship. I would need to further explore the depth of women representation on television which will allow me to conduct adept research. Gills (2007) work on Gender and Media looks like an interesting book for my research which explores the contradictory character of contemporary gender representations. Gender and the Media is also concerned with the theoretical tools available for analyzing representations. A range of approaches from semiotics to postcolonial theory are discussed, and Gill asks how useful notions such as objectification, backlash, and positive images are for making sense of gender in todays Western media which relates to my current study. Melanie (2011) cross-examines the construction of feminism and femininity in cinema and television from a wide variety of female centric programs such as chick flicks, reality shows and drama. This book will provide me with the understanding of the relationship between feminism, femininity, and visual culture and tools to analyze images of female representation in media. 2.1.1. Narrative Writing The Woman In order to relate characters and peak interest of the audience, formulation of the character through narrative is of uttermost importance. The character and narrative in the text have an emotional connection and resonate with the reader if they identify with the character. Hence, analysis of female representation in Law and Order SVU through their characterization in the narrative would allow me to deconstruct the signs from the text. Furthermore, specific aesthetic and narrative strategies used by the producers to create characters also append to feminism and female representation (Geetha, 2007). Mulveys (1975) groundbreaking article Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema would greatly aid in exploring the relation of narrative structure in construction of female characters in Law and Order: SVU where she unravels the narrative and visual techniques in cinema and puts forward the male cinematic gaze that objectifies the female character, hence, turning her into a spectacle, to-be-loo ked-at-ness (1975, 19). Mulvey (2009) revisits her theory in Visual and Other Pleassure by applying her feminist theory to more contemporary work concerning film spectatorship. She also talks about young modern woman of the 1920s in terms of images and narratives employed in Hollywood and European films which will be relevant to assess portrayal of women in Law and Order: SVU. In regards to narrative and women representation in media, Teresa de Lauretiss (1984) work would facilitate my research in the right direction as she investigates the structural representations of woman in cinema. De Lauretis (1984) disagrees with Mulveys (1975) theory of women representation as being permanently subjective and affirms that it is in a consistent stage of self-progression. De Lauretis believes that narrative structure draws upon the characters aspiration in social and cultural context and reproduces subjectivity. De Lauretis argues that female characters are formulated to incline towards femininity and conventionally portrayed as ideal image perceived by men (1984, 143). De Lauretiss conclusion of womens oppression by employing techniques of cinematic narration would provide a diverse perspective in representation of women in Law and Order: SVU. 2.2 Women Crime Genre The characteristics of gender have been reallocated in modern era in crime dramas where the female and male personalities are synthesized. The transformation also saw the shift of feminine traits of emotions, compassion and bond between traditionally masculine traits of heroism, vigor, and power giving rise to alternative action hero (Feasey 2008, p. 67). In 1970s and 1980s, crime genre progressively began depicting women in significant characters embarking on TV revolution. Snauffers (2006) book called Crime Television would aid in my research tremendously as it would be idyllic to find out the history of crime genre as it was dominated by men (Maureen 1988, p. 2). Since the beginning of television, crime dramas have been a prime genre of TV. According to Snauffer (2006), crime television has proven to be a fascinating reflection of changes and developments in the culture at large. In the 50s and early 60s, the square-jawed, just-the-facts detectives of The Untouchables and The FBI put police work in the best light possible. As the 60s gave way to the 70s, however, the depictions gained more subtle shading, and The Streets of San Francisco, The Rockford Files, and Baretta offered conflicted heroes in more complex worlds. This trend has of course continued in more recent decades, with Steven Bochcos dramas seeking a new realism through frank depictions of language and sexuality on television. In chronicling these developments and illustrating how the genre has reflected our ideas of crime and crime solving through the decades, author Douglas Snauffer here provides essential reading for any fan. This work provides a comprehensive history of detective and police shows on television which will contribute to my research immensely. Turnbull (2013) in her book The Crime Drama: TV Genres provides a historical study of the crime drama series as a genre which presents a number of case studies to clarify major concerns in the course of the genre. This book will facilitat e my argument as it looks at female led crime drama series from around the world such as The Wire and The Killing. Crime dramas generally feature subject matter related to public sphere with male dominance, however, the addition of female characters into crime genre has enabled to pursue a dynamic approach concerning gender bending transgressions, domestic issues and other feminist concerns (Feasey 2008). Nevertheless, women werent always depicted as strong willed and independent on TV. Cavender (1999) examines the depiction of women crime victims by comparing episodes from reality crime program. He analyzed that women talked about their victimization; however, men spoke more often and presented master narratives about the crimes. In both seasons, the program imagery emphasized feminine vulnerability to violence from strange, devious, and brutal men and masculine technical expertise and authority as womens protection from such violence. His analysis would be helpful in further studying the crime genre as well as involvement of women. Humphries (2009) examines women, violence, and media presentati ons through the lens of feminist criminology. This book contains chapters on Gendering Constructions which lays the foundation for the volume and examines media presentation of gendered violence, female killers on Law and Order and women in media. This book will give me tools to analyze the media text meticulously. In crime genre, male protagonist used to focus on solving the crime neglecting the public concerns during the process. Though, attitudes started to change when women were portrayed unconventionally as brave, independent and intelligent characters breaking away from the societal norm resulting in shaping a new feminist archetype (Aisenberg, 1994). In her book Ordinary heroines: Transforming the male myth Aisenberg (1994, p. 240) believes that female representation has progressed into equal active crime-solving characters with slight borrowing from conventional masculine traits such as Dana Scullys (Gillian Anderson) character in The X Files who was a powerful and independent professional woman even though FBI agent roles were profoundly male-dominated. Cuklanz and Moorti (2009) examine a wide variety of text to delve into the representations of gendered violence against women and formulation of gender. They believe that Law and Order SVU featuring lead female characters engage in stereotypical representation of women showcasing violence against them including inherent misogynist communiquà ©. Cavender and Jurik (2012) inspect the optimistic side of representation of women on TV as they analyse Prime Suspect starring Helen Mirren as policewoman Jane Tennison in popular British drama series where her character disrupts the conventions of the traditionally male genre (p.65). They focus on the portrayal of gender and law enforcement in the show featuring modern social tribulations where women play the central character. On one hand, Prime Suspect has become a cult hit for being an exceptionally feminist show in a traditionally male dominated crime genre. On the other hand, it is still not devoid of gender politics where Tennisons char acter shown as a successful woman is pigeonholed into an old lonely and friendless career woman. Cavender and Jurik (2012) work will provide the framework to deconstruct the meanings and connotation in depiction of women in Law and Order: SVU in relations to social norm. There has been a dramatic rise in representation of women detective in modern text whether be film or television which used to be dominated by men (Mizejewski, 2004). Whilst examining Jodie Fosters character Clarice on The Silence Of The Lambs, Mizejewski believes that traditional Hollywood cinema has been unconsciously organized along these lines: men looking and taking action, women being looked at. The conventions of framing, lighting and editing in portrayal of women all play to these dynamics (p. 7). Tasker (2007) believes women representation has progressed tremendously in recent years with transformed and empowered gender egalitarianism; however, there is still substandard issue. Gender is a key constructor and differentiator of character in ensemble workplace dramas (Allen 2007, p 48). The meticulous examination of Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) in Reading CSI by Michael Allen, a popular crime drama including the relationship of characters to their narratives and response of fans would provide great depth and widespread view which I can apply to Law and Order: SVU during my research. 1.3 Female Heroine Gunter (1986) argues that women are represented in a stereotypical manner associating with the characters traits they typically exhibit. In comparison with men, their characters were subjugated by personal relationships and family issues. However, this began to change in the 1970s when women were portrayed in more dynamic roles. Knight (2010) believes that it wouldnt have been possible without Sigourney Weavers character Ellen Ripley in Alien (1979) franchises which has become an avant-garde symbol. Ellen Ripley signified the first final girl archetype, a term coined by Carol J. Clover in the book Men, Women and Chansaw: Gender in the Modern Horror Film (1992), who conquered and triumphed against an evil villain without any help or rescue from a man (p.98). Knight (2010) and Clover (1992) examinations of women representation would aid in decoding the signs in Law and Order:SVU. Anthony (2009) believes that the progression in women portrayal on television and films was because women h ad taken over the market and were able to acquire positions as Producers and Directors. Consequently, women were portrayed in more heroic roles which cancelled out the notion of women as victims, resulting in a positive ideological advance (p. 80). Innesss (2004) Action Chicks is a groundbreaking collection of essays providing a new look at female action icons such as Xena, Buffy, Lara Croft and so on. These essays take a look at how recent depictions of women in action films, TV shows, comic books, and video games reflect a changing acceptance of women in traditionally male heroic or tough-guy roles. This highly specialized and scholarly study is suitable for my research and would enable me to view Law and Order: SVU in different light. In order to analyze the representation of women in Law and Order: SVU, I will construe if the women embody four essential constructing features which are body, attitude, action and authority in a tough hero (Innes, 1998). Brown (1996) has the same belief of women portrayed as action heroes stating, female action heroines body is represented by using same codes as a male hero in regards to object and subject in action films (p. 56). Goodwill (2011) agrees with Browns statement that new female ac tion hero possesses positive masculine characteristic which were preserved for men only, breaking away from orthodox feminine attributes. With the fusion of traits, earlier archetype of the hero has been amended in popular culture containing both masculine and feminine traits which will enable me to interpret female traits presented in Law and Order: SVU. Hill (1999, p 38) states, action heroines are the new type of protagonists in action genre who are smarter and tougher than conventional female heroines and even their male counterparts. This new breed of action heroines contravenes not only cinematic but cultural gender codes of women being submissive and tangential characters and transform traditional cinematic depiction of women. Noble (1999) produces an innovative framework to create new epitome of heroism for women in her book The Sound of a Silver Horn: Reclaiming the Heroism in Contemporary Womens Lives. She puts forward certain qualities that a female hero should possess to transform her and the world such as strong-minded, valiant and a risk-taker. Harriss (2004) groundbreaking work would provide a framework for my research where she looks at intricate representation of girls in recent history. Siehlohrs (2000) anthology investigates generic codes used in gender in regards to national identity in European films. She also exa mines how representations of women are effected by particular national milieu. This provides a baseline to investigate influences of societal factors on representation of women in Law and Order: SVU. Hanson (2007) proposes alternative ways of viewing classic and contemporary Hollywood heroines and the associations of gender with genre. She investigates representation of women as investigator and heroine in the variable context of the film industry which will enable me to apply the same approach to my research. She confers meticulous attention to the production of narrative, actions and perception as well as negotiation of feminine self and desires across the past. Jaceys (2010) book about The Woman in the Story: Writing Memorable Female Characters would be of significant value on this topic. She states that by creating a heroine, the screenwriter has to consider all kinds of differences, from character development to gender issues in the development process. This would allow me dig deeper into the depiction of female characters on Law and Order: SVU such as Olivia Bensons character as a Detective and Alexandra Cabot character as a District Attorney. According to Knight (2010), female action heroes extensively influence individuals in society and also reveal a lot about our society. Her analysis on female action here would help me understand Olivia Bensons character on Law and Order: SVU as she is seen as a role model and a super heroine to a lot of women. Furthermore, I will examine Buffy which was a very popular show with very sharp and provocative commentaries on gender. In Undead TV, media studies scholars tackle the Buffy phenomenon and its many afterlives in popular culture, the television industry, the Internet, and academic criticism (Levine and Parks, 2007). Stuller (2010) illustrates the triumph of female hero in contemporary mythology which has cracked through male dominated environment and divulges into the crucial role of female crime fighters in popular culture. METHODOLOGY: Litosseliti (2002) book on Gender, Identity and Discourse Analysis will provide me with the tools to employ discourse analysis to the media text for my research. I will conduct a discourse analysis on Law and Order: SVU to find out why Olivia Benson is considered a positive role model. Benson has been taken up as a feminist icon by artists and bloggers because shes the type of person who triumphs over adversity, stands up against injustice, and never blinks when shes staring down a bad guy. Furthermore, it will aid me in examining other female characters re-presented as victims and criminals. Research has shown that violence against women is a serious public health and human rights concern (World Health Organization 2000) and that the concurrent presentation of women as sex objects and victims in various forms of media increases acceptance of violence against women (Malamuth, 1996). As television has the widest audience of any medium (Gunter Wober, 1992), it is of uttermost importan ce to have an improved representation of women on television. I will draw primarily upon the discourse analysis of Law and Order: SVU to examine the meanings behind the representations of women as victims to more positive and hopeful depictions. Marion (2008) argues that the contemporary portrayals of women within popular culture are shaped by two major trends: the mainstreaming of pornography and its resultant hypersexualization of women and girls, and the commodification of those images for a global market. Wood (2000) book will provide both the practical steps for doing discourse analysis and the theoretical justifications for those steps. This book shows students how the social world revolves around talk and text. This book will aid in my research a great deal as it presents actual examples, covers data collection methods and strategies for data analysis, and addresses issues of reliability and validity. Tolsons (2006) book Media Talk: Spoken Discourse on TV and Radio investigates distinctive forms of mediated speech on TV and radio through discourse analysis. Media Talk is the first book to provide a comprehensive review of this important work. Lorenzo-Duss (2008) Television Discourse examines the specific forms and structures of talk across media genres. This book will provide me an in-depth knowledge of the discourse analysis on TV as it examines four defining characteristics of the current broadcast landscape: Storytelling, Closeness, Conflict and Persuasion. This would allow me to analyse the characters on Law and Order: SVU and find out if they are portrayed positively or negatively. Even though the women on LO: SVU are tough and strong, there are still some problematic issues in their representation. They are re-presented as victims or offenders in a lot of episodes. For example, Detective Olivia Benson is frequently victimized throughout the show, including her being stalked in Seasons 1 and 3, and more recently she is sexually assaulted while undercover in a prison. Furthermore, there were several suggestions in episodes on how the female detective pays a lot of attention to her appearance. An in-depth research would allow a more precise and comprehensive investigation on the topic. References [You may optionally use Bibliography or Works Cited] Cavender, Gray , 1999. The Construction Of Gender In Reality Crime Tv. Journal Of Broadcasting Electronic Media , Volume 13, Issue 5, 643-663. Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. (1998). Rethinking Violence Against Women. Thousand Oaks, Calif, Sage Publications. Dominick, Joseph R. , 2004. The Portrayal Of Women In Prime Time, 1953-1977. Sex Roles, Volume 5, Number 4, 405-411. DAcci, Julie, 1994. Defining Women: Television and the Case of Cagney and Lacey. Edition. University of North Carolina Press. DAcci, Julie, Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigel, Lynn , 2007. Feminist Television Criticism: A Reader. Edition. Open University Press. Douglas M. Snauffer, 2006. Crime Television (The Praeger Television Collection). Edition. Praeger. Elasmar, Michael, Hasegawa, Kazumi and Brain, Mary. 2009. The portrayal of women in U.S. prime time television. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media , Volume 43, Issue 1 Gill, Rosalind Clair, 2007. Gender and the Media. 1 Edition. Polity. Gunter, Barrie And Wober, Mallory 1992. The Reactive Viewer: Review Of Research On Audience Reaction Measurement (Independent Television Commission Research Monograph.). Edition. University Of Luton Press. Humphries, Drew. 2009. Women, Violence, and the Media: Readings in Feminist Criminology (Northeastern Series on Gender, Crime, and Law). Edition. Northeastern. Ingham, H. (2007, December 18) The Portrayal of Women on Television. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/hzi9401.html. [Accessed 18 March 2012]. Inness, Sherrie A. 2004. Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture. First Edition Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Jacey, Helen 2010. The Woman in the Story: Writing Memorable Female Characters. Edition. Michael Wiese Productions. Knight, Gladys L. 2010. Female Action Heroes: A Guide to Women in Comics, Video Games, Film, and Television. Edition. Greenwood Levine, Elana and Parks, Lisa. 2007. Undead TV: Essays on Buffy the Vampire Slayer. 1st Edition. Duke University Press Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria. 2008. Television Discourse: Analysing Language in the Media. 1 Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Litosseliti, Lia 2002. Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society, and Culture, 2). Edition. John Benjamins Pub Co. Magoulick, Mary, 2006. Frustrating Female Heroism: Mixed Messages In Xena, Nikita, And Buffy. The Journal Of Popular Culture, Vol. 39, No. 5, 734. Malamuth, N. (1996). Sexually Explicit Media, Gender Differences And Evolutionary Theory. Journal Of Communication, 46 (3), 8-31. Meyers, Marian 2008. Women In Popular Culture: Representation And Meaning (Political Communication). Edition. Hampton Pr. Tolson, Andrew. 2006. Media Talk: Spoken Discourse on TV and Radio. Edition. Edinburgh University Press. Wood, Linda A. 2000. Doing Discourse Analysis: Methods for Studying Action in Talk and Text. 1 Edition. Sage Publications, Inc Britto, Sarah, 2007. Does Special Mean Young, White and Female? Deconstructing the Meaning of Special in Law Order: Special Victims Unit. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 14 (1), 40. Val Singh, Susan Vinnicombe, Kim James, (2006) Constructing a professional identity: how young female managers use role models, Women In Management Review, Vol. 21 Iss: 1, pp.67 81 Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigel, Lynn 2007. Feminist Television Criticism. 2 Edition. Open University Press. Green, Susan 2009. Law Order: Special Victims Unit: The Unofficial Companion. Edition. BenBella Books. Pp. 90 Emmy. 2006. Mariska Hargitay. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/mariska-hargitay. [Accessed 10 March 13]. Melanie, Dr Waters, 2011. Women on Screen: Feminism and Femininity in Visual Culture. Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Janet McCabe, 2005. Feminist Film Studies: Writing the Woman into Cinema (Short Cuts). Edition. Wallflower Press. Laura Mulvey, 2009. Visual and Other Pleasures (Language, Discourse, Society). 2nd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Barthes, Roland. S/Z: An Essay. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Hill and Wang, 1974. Ramanathan, Geetha 2007. Feminist Auteurs: Reading Womens Films. Edition. Wallflower Press. Mulvey, Laura, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975),Visual And Other Pleasures. London: Macmillan, 1989: 14-26. Laura Mulvey, 2009. Visual and Other Pleasures (Language, Discourse, Society). 2nd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Lauretis, Teresa de (1984) Alice Doesnt. Feminism. Semiotics. Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, Sue Turnbull, 2013. The Crime Drama (TV Genres). Edition. Edinburgh University Press. Allen, Michael 2007. Reading CSI: Crime TV Under the Microscope (Reading Contemporary Television). Edition. I. B. Tauris. Reddy, Maureen (1988). Sisters In Crime: Feminism and Crime Novel. New York: Continumm. pp Linda Mizejewski, 2004. Hardboiled and High Heeled: The Woman Detective in Popular Culture. 1St Edition Edition. Routledge. Cavender, G., Jurik, N. (2007). Scene Composition

Reasons Why the Holocaust Didn’t Happen

Briel BrownFeindert ENGWR 48027 September 2016 Critique of â€Å"50 Reasons Why the Holocaust Didn't Happen†In the forum post titled â€Å"50 Reasons Why the Holocaust Didn't Happen,† the author, only identified as Ted, puts forth a list of reasons that individuals who are already convinced that the Holocaust is a myth can use to persuade others. It is found on a forum called The CODOH Revisionist Forum, a website that lends itself specifically as a safe space for Holocaust revisionists. The post begins with a few sentences of introduction, briefly mentioning why it can be hard for many to give his point of view a chance. He goes on to criticize the media, comparing them to the church during the dark ages in the way that they can withhold information, with random and slightly irrelevant statements sprinkled throughout. He concludes the preface with the statement â€Å"No proof has even been given that 6 million were murdered,† and proceeds to go more in depth. The rest of the article is arranged in a numbered list format. The reasons are listed unsystematically, each one being followed by explanations of varying length. Many of his reasons focus on criticizing the media for refusing to allow Holocaust revisionists to have a voice. Others try to prove the Holocaust either scientifically or fiscally impossible. He makes many statements that attempt to paint witnesses and historians as liars, and goes as far as to accuse many of having an agenda that would benefit from the falsification of an atrocity such as the Holocaust. The article is void of a concluding paragraph, instead ending on a proof numbered 50, consisting of three unrelated and vague statements that offer nothing but confusion. Brown 2The posting as a whole is a vague and disorganized mess. Failure to proofread is obvious; there is no clear form of organization, it is riddled with spelling and grammatical errors, and irrelevant ramblings are left in the middle of what could have been a strong statement. The author manages to include a few decent rhetorical questions that can cause a feeling of doubt to arise in the reader, but the evidence included is rarely tacked on to these. When evidence is used it is often either false, from an unknown source lacking in credibility, or merely quoted and left unexplained. The author's argument is presented in an unorganized and visually cluttered manner. Contradictory to the title reason five is skipped, reducing the list to only forty-nine author specified reasons. The evidence is often listed in a fashion that betrays the numbering, with a shift in focus occurring multiple times within one section. For example, instead of expanding on the statement, â€Å"Reinhold Elstner burnt himself alive in protest against the holocaust lies,† that begins the concluding reason, we see an illogical shift in discussion topic to â€Å"German farmers are told to shut up if they find bones and try to arrange their burial† (Reason 50). Many pieces of evidence appear on screen as if the formatting was ruined in a copy-paste mishap with unnecessary jumps to new lines appearing prior to the end of the quote. While not terrible, it can be slightly confusing for the reader when it appears that a new paragraph has been started, only to see that the quote continues on. This author makes similar mistakes when it comes to expanding upon his case, again including unnecessary jumps in spacing when simply starting a new sentence would be sufficient. Vague statements, â€Å"Germans highly civilised and more so than the Brits and Yanks etc.,† (Reason 40) fragments, â€Å"Obliteration propaganda.,† (Reason 32) and run on sentences and comma splices â€Å"People can't understand how so many eyewitnesses can lie, they have seen the television programmes,† (Reason 2) litter the posting. In addition, the Brown 3author occasionally goes on racist tirades that add little to his argument and can deter readers who may come looking for an unbiased argument. For example, â€Å"Are Jewish lives worth more or something? And if we are westerners why should we give a damn? Are we too gentle to survive in a harsh world?† (Reason 20). The above coupled with the frequent spelling errors further add to the confusion that could be experienced by the reader, making it look more like a set of notes meant to be understood only by the author than an article intended for consumption. It even contains conventional errors in the title, with the failure to capitalize any word in it and the lack of an apostrophe for the word â€Å"didn't.† While the posting is filled with links and quotations, often they are either unreliable, false, or left without explanation. While it is rather easy for a reader to look up a name that is mentioned, attempting to establish credibility for sources within the piece could add weight to what one pulls from a source. Writings from individuals such as David Irving, a revisionist author, are linked without even formally identifying him in. Some quotes are even from individuals identified in ways as vaguely as â€Å"one guy on the BBC,† (Reason 6) and â€Å"From a letter from the British ministry of information,† (Reason 10). In the author's attempt to criticize the media, he claims that they have made repeated efforts to silence those critical of the Holocaust; however, not one specific example is listed. In his attempts to criticize accounts given at the Nuremberg trials, he claims that â€Å"It takes about 5 minutes of reading the Nuremberg documents to realise that the Holocaust is a hoax,† (Reason 8) but again, gives not one clear example. He continues to claim â€Å"Violation of Occam's razor, again and again,† (Reason 12) an extremely vague statement that is expanded upon only by asking the reader to examine the counterargument of a book. The author could have very easily added weight to his argument by citing at least one example, but he neglected to do so.Brown 4Due to the lack of concrete evidence used in the author's attempts at making logical appeals, the strength of this posting is rooted in the author's ability to manipulate the reader's emotions. In quoting a 1958 text from Tel Aviv, â€Å"If some know-it-all tries to expose you, the others will not listen to him and will condemn him, because by exposing you he is proving them guilty of stupidity, and the crowd will not forgive this,† (Reason 2) the author provides a statement that can make the readers feel somewhat guilty for their refusal to question what they have been taught. Decent use of figurative language is employed to describe the media with the metaphor â€Å"The carrot and stick are there to make people obey† (Reason 26), which again can pull on people's fear that they have overlooked something. His plays on fear and guilt do begin to get somewhat excessive at times, as his deliberate use of language becomes offensive. In using phrases such as â€Å"politically retarded,† (Reason 16) â€Å"The parallels with religious arguments should make intelligent people suspicious,† (Reason 34) and â€Å"Only an idiot would believe in stories such as lampshades of human skin,† (Reason 40) to describe those who disagree with him, the author may invoke an insecurity in some readers that can cause them to give his viewpoint a second chance. Just as easily, however, it can cause readers to disregard the writings due to the offense that they may take. The author's attempt to create a list of reasons that would help a fellow revisionist argue their case mostly for naught. While like-minded individuals can pull some rhetorical questions to get others thinking, there is little offered in way of credible argument material. It is organized in an unpleasant and confusing fashion that makes the posting almost unreadable. The grammatical errors and failure to proofread suggest an apathy, or perhaps an intellectual incompetence, from the author that does not help his case. Individuals who are willing to look can surely find something to aid them in whatever they sought the posting for, but for a casual reader not Brown 5desperate for argument material, the posting is comically inarticulate and slightly frightening when the sincerity behind the writing is considered. Words: 1375Brown 6Work CitedTed. â€Å"50 Reasons Why the Holocaust Didnt Happen.† The CODOH Revisionist Forum, 25 Aug. _____2004, https://forum.codoh.com/viewtopic.php?t

Analysis Of Paley And Aquinas - 1823 Words

Analysis of â€Å"Paley† and â€Å"Aquinas† Readings in Topic 4 Introduction In the argument, â€Å"The Argument From Design† from Natural Theology, William Paley argues that living things are like watches in one crucial respect: both exhibit design, the universe with everything in it. Paley thinks that people assume that the universe works for a purpose like the watch does. So, people would reasonably conclude that the universe has a designer or creator, like the watch does, God. Although, atheists deny that the universe is designed. But, shouldn’t there be some knowledgeable or intelligent creator to guide us towards our purpose to function in life? In the article, â€Å"The Five Ways,† from Summa Theologica, Thomas Aquinas argues whether God exists, which†¦show more content†¦Summary William Paley found a watch on the ground and assumed that the watch was put together for a purpose. His arguments, then, lead towards the teleological argument, which starts from relatively specific observations to the crucial notion of purpose where there is an intelligent cause to the universe. Paley’s whole argument discusses how there must be a maker of the universe since there is a maker of the watch, which must be God. In contrast, a telescope has a designer, so an eye must also have a designer, â€Å"The end is the same; the means are the same. The purpose in both is alike; the contrivance for accomplishing that purpose is both alike: The lenses of the telescope, and the humours of the eye bear a complete resemblance to one another, in their figure their position; and in their power over the rays of light†¦ How is it possible, under circumstances of such close affinity, and under the operation of equal evidence, to exclude contrivance from one, yet to acknowledge the proof of contrivance having been employed, as the plainest and clearest of all propositions in the other?...† (Paley, p.30). If the watch could somehow reproduce, Paley still would not question that the watch still had originated from some intelligent designer. Like the watch, he thinks the universe also works for a purpose. Paley proscribes design as foresight, which is connected with purpose, however, the purpose is not the same as the function. It is said to beShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : Paley s Argument From Design1217 Words   |  5 Pages PH 101-01 Instructor: Jason Smith Student: Donna Delva 6/16/17 Critically evaluate Paley’s argument from design. What kind of argument is it? How does it work? What does it aim to show? Does Paley succeed? Why or Why not? While theology may take God s existence as necessary on the basis of faith, or discovery, many philosophers have thought it’s possible to prove by reason that there must be a God. The teleological argument, also known as the argument from design simplyRead MoreEssay about A Philoshpical Approach to Proving the Existence of God4013 Words   |  17 Pagesissues that relate to the divine. Now there are two types of theology, Revealed and Natural Theology. Revealed Theology claims that our knowledge of God comes through special revelations such as the Bible, the Holy Spirit, and the Koran. Saint Thomas Aquinas indicates that Revealed Theology provides what he calls â€Å"Saving Knowledge†, which is knowledge that will result in our salvation. Now Natural Theology is our knowledge of God that one ascertains through natural reasoning, or reasoning that is unaidedRead MoreThe Existence of God Essay730 Words   |  3 Pagessurprisingly very many arguments which support the existence of God. They even have proper names to go by, and most Christians believe in one of these arguments. I have listed them in the first introduction paragraph, but I will now begin my analysis of each one. Moral and Divine Command Theory ================================= This argument is stating that universal moral standards obviously exist in our World already and are evidently needed for the proper functioning

Freud Essay - 1234 Words

In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels present their view of human nature and the effect that the economic system and economic factors have on it. Marx and Engels discuss human nature in the context of the economic factors which they see as driving history. Freud, in Civilization and Its Discontents, explores human nature through his psychological view of the human mind. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marx states that history quot;...is the history of class strugglesquot; (9). Marx views history as being determined by economics, which for him is the source of class differences. History is described in The Communist Manifesto as a series of conflicts between oppressing classes and oppressed classes. According†¦show more content†¦He sees this socialist stage as necessary for but inevitably leading to the establishment of communism. Human beings, which are competitive under capitalism and other prior economic systems, will become cooperative under socialism and communism. Marx, in his view of human nature, sees economic factors as being the primary motivator for human thought and action. He asks the rhetorical question, quot;What else does the history of ideas prove, than that intellectual production changes its character in proportion as material production is changed?quot; (Marx 29). For Marx, the economic status of human beings determines their consciousness. Philosophy, religion and other cultural aspects are a reflection of economics and the dominant class which controls the economic system. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This view of human nature as being primarily determined by economics may seem to be a base view of humanity. However, from Marxs point of view, the human condition reaches its full potential under communism. Under communism, the cycle of class conflict and oppression will end, because all members of society will have their basic material needs met, rather than most being exploited for their labor by a dominant class. In this sense the Marxian view of human nature can be seen as hopeful. Although human beings are motivated by economics, they will ultimately be able to establish a society which is not based on economicShow MoreRelatedFreud Vs Frankl And Freud1323 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: COMPARITIVE PERSONALITY THEORIES OF SIGMUND FREUD AND VIKTOR FRANKL Comparative Personality Theories of Sigmund Freud and Viktor Frankl Luke McGeeney William James College For my comparison, I’ll be looking at the theories of Sigmund Freud and Viktor Frankl, the creators of both the first and third Viennese Schools of Psychotherapy, respectively. To begin with, I’ll examine Frankl’s theory of existential analysis known as logotherapy. LogotherapyRead More Sigmund Freud1435 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Scholmo Freud was born on May 6, 1865 in Freiburg, Moravia. Freud was orginally born Jewish but changed over to Atheism, later his Jewish past would come back to â€Å"haunt† him. 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He was born the son of Jacob Freud, a Jewish wool merchant, and his third wife, Amalia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacob Freud and Amalia Nathanson were married in 1855. Freud was born of a singular and bizarre marriage. In contrast to his mother’s youth, twenty years of age, his father was middle-aged at forty years of age, and had two sons fromRead MoreFreuds Interpretation of Dreams1176 Words   |  5 Pagescontent, condensation and displacement, and censorship and repression. First, let examined the definition of dream according to Sigmund Freud â€Å"dream is the disguised fulfilment of a repressed wish. Dreams are constructed like a neurotic symptom: they are compromises between the demands of a repressed impulse and the resistance of a censoring force in the ego† (Freud, 28). This simple means that all dreams represent the fulfilment of a wish by the dreamer. 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